The invention relates to a multifunctional rudder-free aquaculture workboat which comprises a boat body. A drive device, a steering device, a meteorological device providing information of wind speed, the wind direction, temperature, humidity and pressure, a navigation device, a communication module which can be communicated with a handheld mobile base station or a land fixed base station, an obstacle avoidance device, a coordination control drive device, a steering device, a central control module for achieving boat unmanned intelligent navigation, a water flow measuring device for detecting the speed and direction of the water flow, a water quality detection device for collecting a water sample and detecting water quality parameters, an underwater detection device for detecting the distribution state of the underwater fish schools or other biotic communities, an automatic bait casting device for controlling bait casting and feeding, and a storage battery for providing a work power source for a boat device. Fan drive is adopted by the workboat, a complex mechanical engine, a steering rudder and a transmission mechanism are removed, and the multifunctional rudder-free aquaculture workboat is light, high in efficiency, free of rudder and pollution and capable of automatically completing water quality parameter detection and bait casting and feeding in the aquaculture area.