979results about "Chemical analysis using catalysis" patented technology

A photoelectrochemical assay apparatus for determining chemical oxygen demand (COD) of a water sample which consists of a) a measuring cell for holding a sample to be analysed b) a titanium dioxide nanoparticle photoelectric working electrode and a counter electrode disposed in said cell, c) a UV light source adapted to illuminate the photoelectric working electrode d) control means to control the illumination of the working electrode e) potential measuring means to measure the electrical potential at the working and counter electrodes f) analysis means to derive a measure of oxygen demand from the measurements made by the potential measuring means. The method of determining chemical oxygen demand of a water sample, comprises the steps of a) applying a constant potential bias to a photoelectrochemical cell, containing a supporting electrolyte solution; b) illuminating the working electrode with a UV light source and recording the background photocurrent produced at the working electrode from the supporting electrolyte solution; c) adding a water sample, to be analysed, to the photoelectrochemical cell; d) illuminating the working electrode with a UV light source and recording the total photocurrent produced; e) determining the chemical oxygen demand of the water sample according to the type of degradation conditions employed. The determination may be under exhaustive degradation conditions, in which all organics present in the water sample are oxidised or under non-exhaustive degradation conditions, in which the organics present in the water sample are partially oxidised.

An upstream side catalyst and a downstream side catalyst are disposed in an exhaust passage. A first oxygen sensor is disposed between these two catalysts and a second oxygen sensor is disposed downstream of the downstream side catalyst. The air-fuel ratio is forcibly oscillated and the oxygen storage capacity of the upstream side catalyst is detected. Deterioration of the upstream side catalyst is then detected based on whether this oxygen storage capacity is larger than a predetermined value. The forced oscillation of the air-fuel ratio is performed only when the oxygen storage state of the downstream side catalyst is appropriate.

Modular device and method for carrying out experiments in parallel on process substances to develop technical methods, comprising at least a multiplicity of individual reactors which are controllable independently of one another said reactors being comprised of pressure-tight chambers having separable sample vessels, and optionally, stirring devices, heating instruments, cooling instruments, or both, a monitoring unit for monitoring or controlling at least the pressure and the temperature in the individual reactors, pressure-tight lids having independent feed lines and optionally independent discharge lines for individual process substances; a plurality of the lids being simultaneously sealable upon the rectors by a common sealing means (11).

Parallel flow chemical processing systems, such as parallel flow chemical reaction systems are disclosed. These systems are adapted to simultaneously and independently vary temperature between separate flow channels, preferably by employing separate, individual heating elements in thermal communication with each of four or more parallel flow reactors. The flow reactors are preferably isolated from each other using a thermal isolation system comprising fluid-based heat exchange. In preferred embodiments, the axial heat flux can be fixedly or controllably varied.

A composition and method for preparation of a catalyst for the liquid phase selective hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes with high selectivity to alkenes relative to alkanes, high alkyne conversion, and sustained catalytic activity comprising a Group VIII metal and a Group IB, Group IIB, Group IIIA, and / or Group VIIB promoter on a particulate support.

Workstation, apparatuses and methods for the high-throughput synthesis, screening and / or characterization of combinatorial libraries. The invention relates to an array, which permits various high-throughput methods for synthesis, screening and / or characterization in the same array, without requiring sample transfer from the array. In a preferred embodiment, the synthesis, screening, and / or characterization steps are carried out in a highly parallel fashion, where more than one compound is synthesized, screened, and / or characterized at the same time. The invention may be practiced at the microscale. The array may comprise thermal channels, for regulating the temperature of the wells in the array. The wells of the array may comprise a membrane, which is used in various screening and characterization methods. The invention also relates to a covered array, comprising the array and an array cover, as well as an apparatus comprising the array, which comprises the array, an array cover and a stage. The array, array cover, and the stage may be modified as required for a variety of synthesis and / or analysis techniques. The array is easily interchangeable between different analytical instruments, and in an embodiment, the invention relates to an automated workstation, where the array is transferred between different synthesis, screening, and characterization stations. The invention also relates to a variety of methods for synthesis, screening, and characterization, which are adapted for combinatorial chemistry. Any of the embodiments of the invention may be used either alone or taken in various combinations.

A system is provided wherein a plug flow reactor is used to make combinatorial libraries of materials. Examples of plug flow reactors include stirred tube reactors, extruders, and static mixers.

The present invention discloses an apparatus and method for rapid analysis of members of a combinatorial library. The apparatus includes a plurality of vessels for containing individual library members and a fluid handling system that apportions a test fluid about equally between each of the vessels. This allows for simultaneous screening of library members by detecting changes in test fluid following contact with individual library members. Fluid flow through each of the vessels is controlled using passive flow restrictors or active flow controllers to ensure that each library member contacts approximately the same amount of test fluid per unit time. The disclosed apparatus is especially useful for screening library members based on their ability to catalyze the conversion of fluid reactants.

A hydrogen gas indicator system that provides various substrate materials (4) that support hydrogen gas sensor (1) materials with discrete indicia (7) that provide information separate from any change in the physical properties of the hydrogen gas sensor itself.

A method for measuring a growth rate of a carbon nanotube includes the following steps: (a) providing a substrate (12); (b) forming a catalyst layer on the substrate; (c) heating the substrate to a predetermined temperature; (d) intermittently introducing / providing and then interrupting a reaction gas proximate the substrate to grow a patterned carbon nanotube array, each carbon nanotube having at least one line mark formed thereon as a result of the patterned growth; and (e) calculating the growth rate which is equal to a length between a pair of line marks divided by a time interval between said two line marks.

This is a method and apparatus for accurately determining a NOx concentration of a measurement gas that contains H2O and / or CO2, without being affected by a dissociation of H2O and / or CO2.In this method and apparatus,(1) the NOx-measurement gas containing H2O and / or CO2 is introduced to travel through a heated flow channel formed by an oxygen ion conductive solid ceramic electrolyte body that electrically control amount of O2 from the flow channel,(2) while said measurement gas travels, a residual gas including NO and H2O and / or CO2 is formed from the measurement gas,(3) said residual gas is flowed to contact a catalytic electrode to which a negative polarity of a low voltage that does not dissociate H2O and / or CO2 but dissociates NO is applied, so that said electrode dissociates a NO gas of the residual gas into N ions and O ions and flows an electric current through the electrolyte body in proportion to an amount of the O ions dissociated from said residual gas at the electrode, and(4) the NOx concentration in the measurement gas is determined based on the current.The low voltage preferably applied in the above (3) is about 350-450 mV.

A method for characterizing n components An of n catalytic systems. The method is characterized in comprising the steps of: I) providing a microfluidic device which comprises a plurality of identical microchannel structures, each microchannel structures comprising in the downstream direction (a) an inlet arrangement IA with at least one inlet port; (b) a catalytic microcavity MC1, which comprises an immobilized component Cim of the catalytic system CS used in the microchannel structure, and (c) a detection zone (DZ); ii) distributing to MC1 of each microchannel structure the remaining components of the CS used in the structure by a) dispensing to the inlet arrangement IA of each microchannel structure said remaining components; and b) transporting corresponding components for the microchannel structures in parallel to load MC1 in each microchannel structure; iii) performing the catalytic reaction in MC1 of each microchannel structure; iv) transporting in parallel the product formed in step (iii) from MC1 to DZ of each microchannel structure, if DZ and MC1 do not coincide; v) characterizing for each microchannel structure the result of the catalytic reaction performed in MC1 in DZ; and vi) characterizing An for each microchannel structure.

The present disclosure provides an identification process which may employ various identification techniques on Zero platinum group metal (ZPGM) catalyst systems, in order to identify responsible materials for the formation of corrosion material, such as hexavalent chromium compounds. Identification analysis, such as X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) may be performed on various thermally treated ZPGM catalyst systems, such as in bare substrate, substrate with one type of ZPGM in washcoat, a substrate with one type of ZPGM in overcoat and substrate combination of ZPGM metals in both washcoat and overcoat. Results of identification analysis may show that regardless of metal catalyst (for example Ag, Cu, Ce), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) may be formed on aged catalysts systems, which may be due to the high concentration of chromium in substrate. Therefore, corrosion and production of hexavalent chromium may initiate from elements found in the substrate and not from elements within the ZPGM metal catalysts.

An apparatus for evaluating a solid catalyst which can enlarge a range of an applied fluid used for an evaluation of a performance of the solid catalyst and can accurately evaluate the performance of the solid catalyst on a laboratory scale and a method of evaluating a solid catalyst using the apparatus are provided. There are disclosed an apparatus of evaluating a solid catalyst, wherein a raw material feeding portion has a function capable of continuously feeding a liquid raw material or a mixed raw material consisting of a gas and a liquid, wherein a reactor in a reacting portion has an inlet for a fluid raw material and reaction product outlets for discharging a reaction product while separating it into a liquid product and a gaseous product, and wherein a recovering portion has reaction product inlets connected to each of the reaction product outlets of the reactor and has a liquid level control portion for keeping a liquid level within the reactor constant, and a method of evaluating a solid catalyst using the apparatus.

For estimating a property of use, for example the activity of a catalyst or the ability to hold a ratio-element in a solid mineral matrix, or a material MAB whose active element is AB, there are used a descriptor DAB of the chemical bond between A and B, which has the dimension of an energy, and index RAB that measures the property of use of said material. The invention also relates to a process for determining the chemical affinity of an element or a set of elements B for a matrix A with a descripor DAB. The process according to the invention advantageously can be used for the design of new materials whose use produces the formation or the modification of at least one chemical bond or makes it necessary to prevent the formation of said bond.

A gaming system and method for conducting a wagering game includes a primary display that displays a randomly selected outcome. The gaming system includes a multi-touch input system having a multi-touch sensing device, a memory, and a local controller. The multi-touch sensing device includes an array of input sensors that detect a multi-point gesture. Each sensor detects a touch input made by a player of the wagering game. The memory includes gesture classification codes each representing a distinct combination of characteristics relating to the gesture. The local controller receives data indicative of at least two of the characteristics related to the multi-point gesture and determines whether the data corresponds to any of the gesture classification codes. A main controller is coupled to the local controller to receive the gesture classification code responsive to the local controller determining that the data corresponds to a gesture classification code.

The invention relates to a method for simulating peroxidase by manganese dioxide nanosheet for detection of reductive biological molecules. The peroxidase simulated by manganese dioxide nanosheet can perform catalytic oxidation on substrates of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl benzidine TMB, 2,2-azino-di(3-ethyl-benzothiazoles-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt ABTS and o-phenylenediamine OPD, and changes the color from colorless to blue, green and orange respectively, at the same time, the manganese dioxide nanosheet can sensitively and selectively perform an oxidation reduction reaction with reductive biological molecules such as glutathione and ascorbic acid, oxidation product concentration of the substrates such as TMB, ABTS and OPD is changed, and then, the reductive biological molecules such as glutathione and ascorbic acid are subjected to quantitative determination through a colorimetric analysis method. The method has the characteristics of simple operation, high sensitivity, good reappearance and high selectivity; a detection linear scope of glutathione is 1-15 [mu]M, the detection limit is 0.3 [mu]M; the detection linear scope of ascorbic acid is 3-100 [mu]M, the detection limit is 0.8 [mu]M; and the method can be used for detecting various phenolic compounds.

This invention is in the field of gas detection for sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas decomposition products, particularly for the detection of thionyl fluoride (SOF2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). The invention relates to a novel portable handheld instrument that can readily detect SOF2, SF4 and SO2 in SF6 gas filled electrical equipment and in air. An apparatus for detecting SF6 decomposition products comprising: (a) an inlet for receiving SF6 gas containing SOF2 or SF4; (b) A chamber connected to the inlet and containing a catalyst which converts SOF2 or SF4 into SO2; and (c) an SO2 detector connected downstream of the chamber.

A heat generation amount qr / r per unit flow amount of combustible substances supplied to a catalyst is estimated based on upstream and downstream temperature information and supplemental engine information. A deteriorated condition of the catalyst is detected based on a judgement whether or not the estimated heat generation amount is smaller than a predetermined judging value D.

An apparatus for parallel processing of reaction mixtures, including a reactor block including reaction chambers for containing reaction mixtures under pressure, the reactor block further including a first sidewall, a second sidewall, and a first plurality of fluid flow paths providing fluid communication with the first sidewall and respective reaction chambers and the second sidewall and respective reaction chambers; a stirring system including a base plate defining a second plurality of flow paths, wherein respective flow paths of said second plurality of flow paths are in fluid communication with respective reaction chambers and respective fluid flow paths of said first plurality of flow paths, and the base plate also supports a plurality of stirring blade assemblies for mixing the reaction mixtures; interchangeable manifolds supported by the first sidewall and the second sidewall, the interchangeable manifolds defining a plurality of manifold inlet / outlet ports, wherein respective inlet / outlet ports of said plurality of inlet / outlet ports are in communication with respective fluid flow paths of said first plurality of fluid flow paths and permit fluid to be introduced into or vented from the respective reaction chambers; and a sampling manifold assembly coupled in fluid communication with the respective reaction chambers, wherein a portion of the reaction mixture retained in the respective reaction chambers can be withdrawn from the respective reaction chamber through respective fluid flow paths of said first plurality of fluid flow paths and respective flow paths of said second plurality of flow paths, or both, without depressurizing or lowering the pressure in the respective reaction chamber.

A hydrogen gas indicator system that provides various substrate materials (4) that support hydrogen gas sensor (1) materials with discrete indicia (7) that provide information separate from any change in the physical properties of the hydrogen gas sensor itself.

The present invention provides methods and compositions for the chemical conversion of syngas to alcohols. The invention includes catalyst compositions, methods of making the catalysts, and methods of using the catalysts including techniques to maintain catalyst stability. Certain embodiments teach compositions for catalyzing the conversion of syngas into products comprising at least one C1-C4 alcohol, such as ethanol. These compositions generally include cobalt, molybdenum, and sulfur, and avoid metal carbides both initially and during reactor operation.

A method of using photoelectric catalysis to detect chemical oxygen demand includes carrying out photoelectric catalytic reaction in a thin microreactor, using Ti as positive electrode, using TiO2 nanotube array film on metal Ti as light catalyst, using metal Pt as pair electrode and Ag / Ag CI as reference electrode, using inert inorganic salt as electrolyte, determining COD value by measuring Coulomb electricity value at time when organic substance of water sample in reactor is totally catalyzed and oxidized.

The invention relates to a cataluminescence sensitive material for formaldehyde, benzene and ammonia in air. The cataluminescence sensitive material is characterized by consisting of WO3, Bi2O3, ZrO2 and SnO2 loaded by grapheme in composite. The preparation method for the cataluminescence sensitive material comprises the steps as follows: firstly, natural graphite is used for preparing oxidized grapheme; secondly, the oxidized grapheme is added into a hydrochloric acid solution of tungsten salt, bismuth salt, zirconium salt and stannum salt so as to be subjected to ultrasonic vibration until the solution is clarified; fourthly, hydrazine hydrate water solution is put in additionally, and ammonia water is put in by drops until the pH value of the solution reaches 6.5-7.2; fifthly, after the solution is subjected to aging, filtering, drying, grinding and burning, the composite sensitive material consisting of the WO3, Bi2O3, ZrO2 and SnO2 loaded by the grapheme is obtained through natural cooling. Through utilizing a gas sensor made from the composite sensitive material provided by the invention, trace amount of formaldehyde, benzene and ammonia in air is detected quickly and accurately without the interference of other common coexisting materials.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a GR / WS2-AuNPs-WS2 compound molecular imprinting sensor. The preparation method includes the steps: 1) preparing tungsten sulfide which is nanosheet transition metal; 2) preparing an AuNPs / WS2 compound; 3) preparing a GR / WS2-AuNPs-WS2 compound; 3) preparing a GR / WS2-AuNPs-WS2 compound modified electrode; 4) taking the GR / WS2-AuNPs-WS2 compound as a substrate of the modified electrode, L-phenylalanine as a template molecule, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole as a crosslinking agent and methacrylic acid as a functional monomer to prepare an L-phenylalanine molecular imprinting sensor. The invention further provides an application of the molecular imprinting sensor in detection and separation of L-phenylalanine. L-phenylalanine detection sensitivity of the sensor is greatly improved owing to the GR / WS2-AuNPs-WS2 compound, and the prepared L-phenylalanine molecular imprinting sensor is high in L-phenylalanine sensitivity and selectivity by taking advantages of molecular imprinting.

A video game controller with a position sensor and a proximity sensor provides user input signals for use in determining game states. The video game controller can have a board or deck like surface similar to that of a skateboard, and the proximity sensor can be used to determine if a grab of the board has been attempted. A video game associated with the video game controller can provide a skateboard or other game in which a skateboard and skateboarding character are responsive to a game player's manipulation of the video game controller.

A catalytic testing device comprising a reaction block comprising a set of reaction chambers, each chamber comprising a fluid inlet and outlet connected to an outgoing fluid duct connected to analysis means, fluid feed means capable of performing regulated dosing of flows of the fluid at the required pressure independently in each of the reaction chambers, automatic and dynamic pressure control means, capable of performing pressure regulation in each reaction chamber, which comprise a non-return valve in the outgoing fluid duct between the outlets of the reaction chambers and a common regulating tank that receives the outgoing fluid from the chambers, a pressure sensor provided in a first outlet duct and an automatic needle valve provided in a second outlet duct from the tank.

Localized catalyst activity in an SCR unit for controlling emissions from a boiler, power plant, or any facility that generates NOx-containing flue gases is monitored by one or more modules that operate on-line without disrupting the normal operation of the facility. Each module is positioned over a designated lateral area of one of the catalyst beds in the SCR unit, and supplies ammonia, urea, or other suitable reductant to the catalyst in the designated area at a rate that produces an excess of the reductant over NOx on a molar basis through the designated area. Sampling probes upstream and downstream of the designated area draw samples of the gas stream for NOx analysis, and the catalyst activity is determined from the difference in NOx levels between the two probes.