The invention discloses a high-performance modified fluororubber cable sheath material which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 55-75 parts of fluororubber, 10-20 parts of silicone rubber, 5-10 parts of fluorinated silicone rubber, 5-10 parts of epoxidized natural rubber, 5-18 parts of pre-expanded organic clay, 10-25 parts of white carbon black, 6-15 parts of boron carbide, 2-4 parts of stearic acid, 5-10 parts of active magnesium oxide, 3-9 parts of nano calcium carbonate, 6-15 parts of calcium hydroxide, 1-2.8 parts of novel plant-based environment-friendly rubber oil, 2-4.5 parts of hexanedioic acid propylene glycol polyether, 1-1.6 parts of triethyl O-acetylcitrate, 3-6 parts of epoxy tetrahydrodioctyl phthalate, 0-1.8 parts of iron sesquioxide, 3-8 parts of a coupling agent, 2-5 parts of a vulcanizing agent, 1.5-3.5 parts of an accelerant and 2-6 parts of an anti-aging agent. The high-performance modified fluororubber cable sheath material disclosed by the invention has high hardness, compressive strength, tensile strength and elasticity, is used for manufacturing cable sheaths and is good in comprehensive performance and long in service life.