The invention discloses a recombinant bacterium for synthesizing butantriol oleate as well as a construction method and application of the recombinant bacterium, belonging to the technical field of gene engineering. For the recombinant bacterium, escherichia coli is used as an original strain, and a gene for encoding acyltransferase, a gene for encoding acyl CoA synthetase, a gene for encoding enoyl ACP reductase, a gene for encoding glycerol kinase, a gene for encoding 3-phosphoglycerol acyltransferase and a gene for encoding DAGP phosphatase are introduced into the escherichia coli to obtainrecombinant bacterium. Through fermentation, first synthesis of 1,2,4-butantriol oleate is realized. The recombinant bacterium constructed by the invention is fermented in an LB culture medium for 24hours, and the esterification of butantriol and sodium oleate can be realized to obtain the butantriol oleate, so that a new thought is provided for separation and purification of the butantriol.