The invention discloses a method for preparation of a coal water slurry or water coke slurry. The method comprises: adding a naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde copolymer, a naphthalene anthracene sulfonic acid formaldehyde copolymer, lignosulfonate and a humate into the feeding end of a mill for grinding coal, petroleum coke or mixed raw materials, with the adding amount accounting for 0.1-1.0% of the total weight of the slurry; and adding hexametaphosphate, sulfonated acetone-formaldehyde copolymer or a polyacrylate at the discharge end of the mill, with the adding amount accounting for 0.02-0.2% of the total weight of the slurry. The stage dosing for preparation of the slurry can improve the ore grinding properties of the mill, broaden the particle size distribution of the slurry, improve the concentration and stability of the slurry, reduce the viscosity of the slurry, and improve the fluidity of the slurry. The method has a stabilizing effect on multiple slurries, can improve slurry stability, adjust slurry particle size distribution, increase slurry concentration, reduce slurry viscosity and enhance mobility. With the advantages of convenient operation, small dosage and low cost, the method has high popularization and application value.