The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a lithium ion battery negative electrode material. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps: mixing proper amount of 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane, 3,3,4,4-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride and graphene oxide to prepare PAA / GO, further adding acetic anhydride and triethylamine to prepare a concentrated solution, carrying out high-temperature sintering to obtain a PI-rGO composite material, then adding a proper amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, nanosilicon particles, carbon nanotubes and beta-cyclodextrin to obtain conductive slurry, further drying and cooling, and slicing on a manual slicing machine to obtain the required lithium ion battery negative electrode material. In the use process of the negative electrode material, the probability of side reaction is low, silicon particles attached to the surface of the negative electrode materialare not prone to falling off in the charging and discharging process, sudden reduction of capacity is prevented, and the negative electrode material has good lithium ion conduction performance.