134 results about "Chlorate ion" patented technology

A composition for the generation of chlorine dioxide including at least one non-iodo interhalide, polyhalide or salt thereof having the formula

Br_mCl_nF_oX_p

wherein m=0–3, n=0–4, o=0–3, p=0–2, X is a cationic moiety and with the provisos that m+n+o cannot be zero; if m+n+p<2, or mixtures thereof, and at least one source of chlorite ions.

A cleaning method for a semiconductor substrate is provided. After pure water is supplied to a cleaning tank, a chlorine gas is supplied to the pure water to thereby generate chloride ions, hypochlorite ions, chlorite ions, and chlorate ions in the pure water. Then, a semiconductor substrate is immersed into the pure water containing the chloride ions, hypochlorite ions, chlorite ions, and chlorate ions. The fabrication cost of a semiconductor device and adverse effects on the earth environment can be reduced. The concentration of the dissolved chlorine gas in the pure water is preferably in the range from 0.003 to 0.3% by weight.

An electric power generating unit comprising (i) an ammonia storage device in the form of a container comprising an ammonia absorbing and releasing salt of the general formula: Ma(NH₃)_nX_z, wherein M is one or more cations selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and transition metals such as Li, K, Mg, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn, X is one or more anions selected from fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, thiocyanate, sulphate, molybdate, phosphate, and chlorate ions, a is the number of cations per salt molecule, Z is the number of anions per salt molecule, and n is the coordination number of 2 to 12. (ii) means for heating said container and ammonia absorbing and releasing salt for releasing ammonia gas and (iiia) a fuel cell for converting ammonia directly into electric power; or (iiib1) a reactor for dissociating ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen and (iiib2) a fuel cell for converting hydrogen into electric power is useful for large stationary energy producing facilities, but also for use for is useful for large stationary energy producing facilities, but also for use for small rechargeable and/or replaceable power supply units for micro-fabricated or miniaturized ammonia decomposition reactors for use in mobile units and portable devices may be used for large energy producing facilities, and by use of small rechargeable and/or replaceable ammonia storage decomposition reactors, it is also possible to provide energy for mobile units and portable devices.

Disclosed is a method of preparing a biocide having improved durability of its biocidal activity as well as disinfection efficiency at an initial stage, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing stabilized alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite having a pH at least 11 by mixing a chlorine oxidant including alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite with a stabilizer in an alkali solution; (b) preparing a bromide ion source; and (c) adding the bromide ion source prepared in step (b) into the stabilized alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite prepared in step (a). Also, a method of controlling the growth of microorganisms using a biocide prepared by the method of the present invention is disclosed.

On-Line and Off-Line methods of simultaneously cleaning and disinfecting an industrial water system are described and claimed. The methods involve the addition to the water of the industrial water system of a Compound selected from the group consisting of the alkali salts of chlorite and chlorate and mixtures thereof; and an acid, followed by allowing the water in the industrial water system to circulate for several hours. The reaction of the alkali salts of chlorite and chlorate and acid produces chlorine dioxide in-situ in the water of the industrial water system. The chlorine dioxide kills microorganisms and the acid acts to remove deposits upon the water-contact surfaces of the equipment. An alternative method involves the use of a chelating agent and a biocide. Other possible cleaning and disinfection reagents may be added as needed including corrosion inhibitors, chelating agents, biocides, surfactants and reducing agents. These cleaning and disinfecting methods work in a variety of industrial water systems including cooling water and boiler water systems.

A method to produce surface enhanced Raman substrate (SERS) focalizes a laser beam with pulse width of 10 swung dash 500femtosecond, power of 1 swung dash 100milliwatt and peak power of 2 is multiplied by 10⁹ swung dash 5 is multiplied by 10¹²W to form a light spot with a diameter of several microns, thus projecting the focalized light spot of the femtosecond laser beam onto a silicon glass surface mixed with precious metals, synchronously scanning the focalized light spot and forming a silicon glass substrate with nanometer roughness precious metal grains on its surface. And then the substrate is positioned to silver nitrate or aurum chlorate for steeping to form a precious metal film layer with nanometer roughness and obtaining a SERS. Relevant experiments indicate that the SERS produced according to the present invention is provided with a remarkably enhanced surface Raman scattering effect.

A deodoring, bleeching and disintifecting composition in the form of powder, particle, lozenge, tablet, effervescent agent, liquid, colloid, or aerosol for various purposes is prepared from chlorinated isocyanuric acid, bromochloro hydrantoin, dibromo hydrantoin, or hypochlorite for providing hypochlorous acid component through reacting on chlorate, chlorite and tabilizer to obtain stable ClO2 system, and adding the corrosion inhibitor of metal.

A solid ClO2 disinfectant for the drinking water, food and medical apparatus is prepared through mixing oxalic acid with citric acid, grinding, adding dextrin, activating, mixing with sodium chlorite, aluminium chlorate, glucose and sodium chloride, and packing.

The disclosed processes can be effective for treating various materials comprising several different metals. These materials can be leached with HCl for obtaining a leachate and a solid. Then, they can be separated from one another and a first metal can be isolated from the leachate. Then, a second metal can further be isolated from the leachate. The first and second metals can each be substantially selectively isolated from the leachate. This can be done by controlling the temperature of the leachate, adjusting pH, further reacting the leachate with HCl, etc. The metals that can be recovered in the form of metal chlorides can eventually be converted into the corresponding metal oxides, thereby allowing for recovering HCl. The various metals can be chosen from aluminum, iron, zinc, copper, gold, silver, molybdenum, cobalt, magnesium, lithium, manganese, nickel, palladium, platinum, thorium, phosphorus, uranium, titanium, rare earth element and rare metals.

The invention provides a process for processing acidic arsenic-containing wastewater. According to the process, chlorate or/and perchlorate is adopted as an oxidizing agent to oxidize trivalent arsenic into pentavalent arsenic, and inorganic flocculating agent and organic flocculating agent are sequentially added for flocculating, precipitating and removing arsenic. By adopting the process, a solution can be oxidized more completely by adopting the oxidizing agent, so that the dosage of inorganic flocculating agent can be reduced, the amount of arsenic-containing residue can be reduced, and subsequent arsenic-containing residue treatment cost can be reduced. The process is simple, has the advantages of low cost, high arsenic removing rate and wide application range, enables the arsenic-containing amount of treated wastewater to be less than 50ppb, and can meet the emission requirement of different emission standards.

The invention provides a method and process for synchronously removing perchlorate and nitrate in drinking water. In the method, perchlorate and nitrate in water are synchronously reduced through sulfur autotrophy and electrochemical hydrogen autotrophy coupling. The wastewater containing perchlorate and nitrate goes through a bio-membrane reactor taking sulfur particles as filler, and perchlorate and nitrate are partially reduced into chloride ions and nitrogen by taking elemental sulfur as an electron donor while H<+> and SO4<2-> are generated. A complex three-dimensional electrode-bio-membrane reactor taking a carbon medium as filler reduces H<+1> into H2 by use of an electrochemical process between a carbonaceous material and an electrode, and the rest perchlorate and nitrate are reduced into chloride ions and nitrogen by taking hydrogen as an electron donor. The method and process for synchronously removing perchlorate and nitrate in drinking water, provided by the invention, are economical and efficient and simple to operate.

A gas generating composition for air bags to be used as occupant crash protection systems in automobiles, which is less toxic or dangerous, can be easily handled, has a high combustion efficiency and a high gas generation efficiency, produces few residue during combustion, can be safely manufactured and exhibits a high molding strength in the molding step; and a molded article thereof. The invention provides a gas generating composition containing (a) a fuel comprising at least one polymer compound selected from polyacrylic polymer compounds, polyacetal, urea resins, melamine resins, ketone resins and cellulose-based polymer compounds; (b) an oxidizing agent selected from ammonium nitrate and phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate; and (c) at least one combustion accelerator selected from oxyacid salts such as metal nitrates, metal nitrites, perchlorates and chlorates; a molded article thereof; and an inflator for air bags with the use of the same.

A biofilm reducing agent (BRA) and a mineral deposit distorting agent (MDDA) are admixed to irrigation water in amounts sufficient to substantially eliminate biofilm formation in the emitters (14) of an irrigation system (10) and produce amorphous mineral deposits in the emitters that are easily washed away by the irrigation water as it flows through the emitters (14). The BRA may be an oxidizer selected from the group consisting of chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxy peracitic acid, iodine, bromine, hydrogen dioxide, chlorate salts, chlorite salts and hypochlorite compounds and mixtures thereof. The MDDA is a phosphonate selected from the group comprising AMP, ATMP, HEDP, EDTMPA, HMDTMPA, DETPMPA, BHMPTMPA, PBTC, HPA, PCA, NTMP, and DTPMP.

The invention discloses a method to prepare perchlorate by electrolyzation. Make the electrobaths is greater than or equal to 3 in series become a group and arrange according to graded position difference, make the electrolyte flow from the high-position electrobath to the highest-position one, after electrolyzed, overflow into next one for electrolyzation, then overflow into next one, and electrolyzed in the final one to obtain the finished electrolyte, and control the conversion within 65-85%, to use the finished electrolyte to produce perchlorate product. It improves the current efficiency by above 15%, each ton of perchlorate can reduce electric consumption by 800kw.h, and the output of the perchlorate can be raised by 15% above.

The invention provides a method and system for processing aluminum chlorate class ionic liquid dead catalysts. The method includes the steps that a three-phase mixture is obtained through a degradation-neutralization reaction; the three-phase mixture and organic coagulant aids are mixed thoroughly and subjected to settling separation, and an acid soluble oil phase and a floc phase are collected respectively; the floc is condensed to form condensed slurry, part of aqueous solution separated out of condensation provides reaction medium for the degradation-neutralization reaction, and part of the aqueous solution is used for preparing an alkali solution and the organic coagulant aids; the condensed slurry is subjected to flocculation again and dehydrated to form dry residues, and the aqueous solution separated out after dehydration takes part in condensation treatment again. The acid soluble oil phase is dehydrated to obtain dehydrated sump oil, and discharged water is all returned. The processing system at least comprises a degradation reactor, a pipeline mixture, a settling separation device, a thickening device, a sump oil degradation tank and a slurry degradation device. The method and system for processing the aluminum chlorate class ionic liquid dead catalysts can lower the activity of catalyst residues. Oil and metal resources can be recycled. Application and popularization of an ionic liquid catalyzing process are promoted.

The invention relates to a method for treating fluorine ions and chlorine ions in an acidic wastewater solution. The method comprises: carrying out evaporation concentration, wherein an acidic wastewater solution containing fluorine ions and chlorine ions is introduced into a submerged combustion evaporator, the acidic wastewater solution is subjected to evaporation concentration by using combustion hot flue gas, and the fluorine ions and the chlorine ions are taken out in the forms of gases of HF and HCl; carrying out acid-alkali neutralization, wherein the HF, the HCl and other gases evaporated in the previous step are introduced into an acid-alkali neutralization tower, and an alkaline solution downward sprayed by the tower top and the rising gases of HF and HCl are subjected to countercurrent contact so as to be neutralized, such that a fluoride salt solution and a chlorate solution are converted; and introducing the fluoride salt solution and the chlorate solution obtained by theacid-alkali neutralization tower into a fluorine-chlorine separation tower, and carrying out re-crystallizing separation based on the difference in solubility between fluorine and chlorine to obtaina solid fluoride and a chloride. According to the present invention, the method has advantages of simple process, convenient operation and low processing cost, and can solve the to-be-solved problemsof difficult treatment of fluorine ions and chlorine ions in acidic wastewater, high energy consumption of multi-effect evaporation, and the like in the current metallurgical industry are solved.

The invention belongs to the field of chemical products, and specifically relates to a long-acting controllable chlorine dioxide sustained release agent. The chlorine dioxide sustained release agent is composed of a component A, a component B, and a component C according to a mass ratio of (1-10):(0.1-5):(10-1); wherein component A is a mixture of chlorate and halide, component B is an organic carboxylic acid, and component C is an absorbing medium. The chloride dioxide sustained release agent obtained by the provided optimal formula and manufacturing method has the advantages of low manufacture cost, simple manufacture steps, long slow release time, and controllability.