The invention discloses a low
hydroxyl value vegetable oil-based
polyol and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises: (1) mixing mixed
vegetable oil, a
carboxylic acid, an inorganic acid catalyst, a
hydroxylation reagent and deionized water according to a certain ratio, heating to a temperature of 35-45 DEG C, adding
hydrogen peroxide in a dropwise manner under vigorous stirring, controlling the adding speed to maintain the
reaction temperature at 40-65 DEG C, maintaining the
reaction temperature for 5-7 h after completing the adding, carrying out standing layering after completing the reaction to separate a water phase, neutralizing, carrying out
water washing, and carrying out pressure reducing
distillation to obtain the mixture of a tung oil
polyol and
epoxy vegetable oil; and (2) mixing the mixture obtained in the step (1) and an alkali catalyst according to a certain ratio, heating to a temperature of 90-140 DEG C under the protection of
nitrogen, carrying out a reaction for 2-6 h, carrying out acid
neutralization after completing the reaction, carrying out
water washing, and carrying out pressure reducing
distillation to obtain the low
hydroxyl value vegetable oil-based
polyol product. According to the present invention, the
hydroxyl value of the prepared low hydroxyl value vegetable oil-based polyol product is 50-110 mgKOH / g, the
acid value of the prepared low hydroxyl value vegetable oil-based polyol product is less than 1.0 mgKOH / g, the
water content of the prepared low hydroxyl value vegetable oil-based polyol product is less than 0.1 wt%, the yield is more than 90%, and the prepared low hydroxyl value vegetable oil-based polyol product can be used for preparing
polyurethane soft foam materials,
polyurethane elastomers, and the like.