The invention relates to a low-grade heavy oil catalytic conversion process for increasing the yield of low-carbon olefins and
gasoline. The process comprises the following steps: (1) low-grade heavy oil, namely raw oil, enters a first
reaction zone (zone I) of a two-section riser, so as to be subjected to catalytic
cracking reaction, and generated oil and gas enter a fractionating
tower; (2) a top outlet material of the fractionating
tower is a mixture of
dry gas, liquefied gas and
gasoline, a middle-part outlet material of the fractionating
tower is diesel oil, a lower-part outlet material of the fractionating tower is catalyzing
wax oil, a bottom outlet material of the fractionating tower is oil
slurry, the catalyzing
wax oil and the diesel oil enter a second
reaction zone (zone II) of the two-section riser together, and the oil
slurry enters a
vacuum distillation tower; (3) a lower-carbon-residue light-distillate material of an upper-part outlet of the
vacuum distillation tower and a higher-carbon-residue heavy-distillate material of a middle-part outlet of the
vacuum distillation tower enter a hydrogenation device together, and ultrahigh-carbon-residue oil
slurry at the bottom of the vacuum
distillation tower enters a delayed coking device; (4) a low-carbon-residue easily-cracked material from the hydrogenation device enters the zone I of the riser and is subjected to reaction again. The process has the characteristics that the service life of the catalyst is prolonged, the yield of dry gases and
coke is lowered, and meanwhile, the yield of low-carbon olefins and
gasoline is increased.