A method for preparing phosphate ester derivatives from white phosphorus relates to the field of chemical engineering, and comprises the following steps: adding alkali, a catalyst, a white phosphorus solution, ROH or RSH (R represents alkyl or aromatic group) into a reaction container in an inert atmosphere, and heating and stirring the mixture in a mixed solvent of toluene and DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) to react for a certain time, so as to obtain three-coordinated phosphate ester derivatives; and 2) continuing to add H2O2, air or sulfur powder until the oxidation is completed, thereby obtaining the tetra-coordinated phosphate ester derivative. According to the method, chlorine, phosphorus trichloride and halogen are not needed, phosphite ester is directly prepared from elementary white phosphorus in an efficient, green and environment-friendly manner, and phosphate and thiophosphate can be directly prepared after oxidation. High pollution and high corrosivity of a traditional method are avoided in the whole process; meanwhile, white phosphorus is completely converted in the whole process, white phosphorus residues are avoided, and the post-reaction treatment process is safe.