The invention discloses a lithium ion battery silicon oxide and carbon composite negative pole material and a preparation method thereof. The technical purposes are improvement of first Coulomb effect, capacity and circulating properties and reduction of cost. According to the lithium ion battery silicon oxide and carbon composite negative pole material, a graphite-based silicon oxide composite material serves as a body, the body is wrapped with a pyrolytic carbon wrapping layer of an organic carbon source, and amorphous carbon in the graphite-based silicon oxide composite material is bonded with a silicon oxide and graphite with a nanoporous structure by means of Van der Waals force. The preparation method includes the steps of nano-silica sol preparation, ultrasonic dispersion, primary sintering, wrapping and secondary sintering. Compared with the prior art, stress generated by size change of the silicon oxide during high lithium intercalation and deintercalation is effectively reduced, and interfacial potential energy between materials is effectively reduced, so that the material has high specific capacity, and is suitable for high-rate charge and discharge, simple in preparation method, easy to control, low in cost and suitable for large-scale industrial production.