An anti-inflammatory tablet HPLC fingerprint construction method comprises the following steps: 1, preparing a test solution: grinding an anti-inflammatory tablet, weighing the ground tablet, placing the ground tablet in an extractor, adding petroleum ether, carrying out hot reflux extraction, removing the petroleum ether, adding methanol, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, supplementing methanol, and filtering the obtained solution; 2, preparing a reference solution: taking a chlorogenic acid reference substance, an aesculetin reference substance, a scutelloside reference substance, a linarin reference substance, a baicalein reference substance and a wogonin reference substance; and 3, determining: respectively taking the reference solution and the test solution, respectively injecting the reference solution and the test solution to a liquid chromatograph, recording the chromatogram in 120min, and processing the chromatogram through using fingerprint software to obtain the fingerprint of the anti-inflammatory tablet. The method has the advantages of establishing the common mode of the HPLC characteristic fingerprint of the anti-inflammatory tablet, calibration of 27 common peaks, effective characterization of the quality of the anti-inflammatory tablet, overcoming of unicity and one-sidedness of original quality control methods, and high application values.