The invention discloses a quality control method for simultaneous realization of content analysis and similarity evaluation of 18 components in Ilex kudingcha. Rutin, isochlorogenic acid A and kudinoside A are used as internal references; correction factors of rutin for 6-hydroxy-7,7a-dihydro-2(6H)-benzofuran and hydroxytyrosol glucoside, correction factors of isochlorogenic acid A for protocatechuic acid, kudinoside E, kudinoside D, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, and isochlorogenic acid C, and correction factors of kudinoside A for latifoloside G, kudinoside G, ilex kudingcha ilexoside T and latifoloside H are calculated, and the factors are used as constants for determining content. Only three common reference substances are needed for simultaneous determination of contents of 18 kinds of components in ilex kudingcha, quality of the ilex kudingcha can be rapidly, economically and scientifically controlled, and further cluster analysis, main component analysis and similarity calculation of medicinal materials can be carried out by using contents of the 18 kinds of components, in order to comprehensively control quality of ilex kudingcha.