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A method for producing a cross-linked polymer manifesting a high absorption capacity and having a small content of soluble component by a convenient and expeditious process with high productivity is provided. An absorbent resin such that disposable diapers and other products incorporating the absorbent resin manifest outstanding qualities and a method for the production of the absorbent resin are proposed. The cross-linked polymer according to this invention is produced by a method of polymerizing an aqueous polymerizable monomer solution containing a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer and a first cross-linking agent capable of forming a hydrogel polymer by polymerization, which method comprises the steps of performing the polymerization in a substantially static state from the time at which the polymerization is initiated till the time at which the whole polymerization system is gelated, subsequently giving the polymerization system a thorough shearing force thereby granulating the hydrogel polymer before the polymerization system has the temperature thereof elevated by the heat of polymerization to the highest level, and further continuing the polymerization.

The inventive electric contact point of a vacuum valve is made of a sintered alloy containing a heat-resistant metal and a high-conductivity metal. The contact point has at least three slit grooves which extend from the central region to the peripheral region of the contact point, and is soldered to an electrode rod which is connected to the contact point. The contact point includes at least three radially extending vane type contact point members each made of a sintered alloy containing a heat-resistant metal and a high-conductivity metal, and soldered to the electrode rod.

A translucent alumina sintered body wherein the total content of an alkali metal element and an alkaline earth metal element is 50 ppm or less, and the linear transmittance of a light having a wavelength of 600 nm is 40% or more at a thickness of the sintered body of 0.85 mm.

An electroless copper plating solution which can ensure superior adhesion of a copper plating film to a flat ceramic surface having low roughness and which can form a high-frequency electronic component having superior high-frequency conductivity and a high Q value is provided. Also provided is a high frequency electronic component formed by using this electroless copper plating solution. The electroless copper plating solution of contains copper ions, nickel ions, formaldehyde or a derivative thereof, and tartaric acid or a salt thereof. The ratio of the content of the nickel ions to that of the copper ions on a molar basis is in the range of about 0.0001 to 0.015.

The present invention relates to the use of compositions based on special isocyanate-terminated prepolymers as wood adhesives. The composition comprises at least one isocyanate-terminated prepolymer obtained by reacting at least one organic polyisocyanate and a mixture of at least two organic polyhydroxyl compounds containing at least 20 wt. % of fatty acid triglycerides containing hydroxyl groups, and at least 20 wt. % of polyethers having an average of at least two hydroxyl groups, and optionally auxiliary substances and additives.

The present invention relates to ferric phosphate hydrate particles for use as a precursor of olivine type lithium iron phosphate particles, wherein the ferric phosphate hydrate particles exhibit at least one crystal structure selected from the group consisting of a strengite crystal structure and a meta-strengite (phosphosiderite) crystal structure, and have a sodium (Na) content of not more than 100 ppm and a molar ratio of phosphorus to iron (phosphorus / iron) of not less than 0.9 and not more than 1.1. The ferric phosphate hydrate particles according to the present invention are suitable as a precursor of olivine type lithium iron phosphate particles for a positive electrode substance of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, and are in the form of fine particles and have a very small content of impurities.

An optical film, which comprises: a transparent support; and at least one layer of functional layer formed from a coating composition, wherein the at least one layer of functional layer is formed by curing the coating composition by a heat energy and a light energy.

In each of pixel circuits in an organic EL display device configured to display color images in a field sequential method, a drive transistor is connected to first to third organic EL elements configured to emit red light, green light, and blue light through first to third light emission control transistors. A connection point between the drive transistor and the light emission control transistors is connected to a data line through a monitor control transistors. A data-side driving circuit is provided with a data voltage output unit circuit and a current measurement unit circuit for each of data lines. The data-side driving circuit is configured to be able to switch between the unit circuits to connect either one of the unit circuits to the data line.

An ink jet recording material having excellent ink-absorption and appropriate for high speed recording has an ink receiving layer formed on a substrate material and including a first coating layer formed on the substrate material and including a pigment (for example, wet process silica fine particles) and a binder; a second coating layer formed on the first coating layer and including a pigment (for example, gas phase process silica or alumina) and a binder; and a third coating layer formed on the second coating layer and including a pigment containing colloidal particles, and alumina and / or pseudo boehmite fine particles.

The sputtering apparatus includes a vacuum vessel, a sputter electrode placed within the vacuum vessel to hold a target material to be sputtered, a radio frequency power source for applying radio frequency waves to the electrode, a substrate holder which is spaced from the electrode and on which a substrate is held, a thin film being to be deposited on the substrate from components of the target material, and an impedance adjusting circuit for adjusting a first impedance of the substrate holder. The impedance adjusting circuit has a first end directly set at a ground potential and has an impedance circuit which is adjustable for adjusting the first impedance, a second impedance of the impedance circuit is adjusted to thereby adjust the first impedance and, hence, a potential of the substrate.

The present invention provides a cerium oxide slurry, a cerium oxide polishing slurry, and a method of polishing a substrate by using the same, wherein decrease of scratches and polish at high speed can be realized by reducing the content of coarse grains by improving in the disperse state of cerium oxide particles. The invention relates to a cerium oxide slurry containing cerium oxide particles, dispersant and water, in which the ratio of weight of cerium oxide / weight of dispersant is in a range of 20 to 80 and relates a cerium oxide polishing slurry comprising the cerium oxide slurry and additives such as a water-soluble polymer.

In the method of the present invention, xylylenediamine is produced by a two-stage hydrogenation of a dicyanobenzene compound. In a first stage (a), the hydrogenation is performed until a conversion of nitrile groups reaches 90 mol % or higher and less than 99.9 mol %. In a second stage (b), the hydrogenation is further continued at temperatures 10° C. or more higher than in the step (a) until the conversion of nitrile groups reaches a level which is higher than that attained in the step (a) and equal to 99.5 mol % or more. In the present invention, a highly pure xylylenediamine containing a minimized amount of cyanobenzylamine is efficiently produced in a simple manner without needing a specific purification, and also without deteriorating the use efficiency of the catalyst while reducing the amount of the dicyanobenzene compound remaining not reacted and the generation of the intermediate cyanobenzylamine.

The present invention aims at providing a composite semipermeable membrane excellent in water permeability and salt-blocking rate, a smaller content of unreacted polyfunctional amine components in the membrane, the composite semipermeable membrane avoiding the necessity of a membrane washing treatment, and the present invention also aims at providing a process for producing the composite semipermeable membrane. A composite semipermeable membrane having a skin layer, formed on a surface of a porous support, including a polyamide resin obtained by an interfacial polymerization of a polyfunctional amine component and a polyfunctional acid halide component, wherein the content of the unreacted polyfunctional amine component is 200 mg / m2 or less without removing by washing of an unreacted polyfunctional amine component after formation of the skin layer.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing aqueous active compound compositions of active compounds which are poorly soluble in water, in particular of active compounds for the protection of crops and materials. Moreover, the invention relates to the active compound compositions obtainable by the process and to their use for controlling harmful organisms in plants and in the protection of materials.The process comprises the following steps:a) provision of an aqueous suspension of solid active compound particles of at least one active compound having a solubility in water of not more than 5 g / l at 25° C. / 1013 mbar, comprising, for stabilizing the active compound particles, at least one surfactant, where the active compound particles in the suspension have a mean particle size, determined by dynamic light scattering, of not more than 1200 nm,b) emulsion polymerization of a first monomer composition M1 in the aqueous suspension of the active compound, where the monomer composition M1 comprises at least 95% by weight, based on its total weight, of at least one neutral, monoethylenically unsaturated monomer M1.1 having a solubility in water of not more than 30 g / l at 25° C. / 1013 mbar, giving an aqueous dispersion of polymer / active compound particles, andc) emulsion polymerization of a second monomer composition M2 in an aqueous dispersion of the polymer / active compound particles obtained in step b), where the monomer composition M2 comprises at least 60% by weight, based on its total weight, of at least one neutral, monoethylenically unsaturated monomer M2.1 having a solubility in water of not more than 30 g / l at 25° C. / 1013 mbar.

A polymer of a low molecular weight having a very little odor is produced by emulsion-polymerizing a radical-polymerizable unsaturated monomer at a temperature of 115° C. or higher in the presence or absence of a chain transfer agent.

An optical glass may be a phosphate based glass containing at least any one of oxides selected from TiO2, Nb2O5, WO3, and Bi2O2. The total content (HR) of the TiO2, Nb2O5, WO3, and Bi2O2 may be 35 mol % or above, the noble metal content may be less than 2.0 ppm, and the βOH value, given by the following general formula, may be 0.1 mm-1 or above: βOH=−[ln(B / A)] / t.

A semiconductor device includes a substrate having an insulating film on its surface, and ac active layer made of a semiconductive thin film on the substrate surface. The thin film contains a mono-domain region formed of multiple columnar and / or needle-like crystals parallel to the substrate surface without including crystal boundaries therein, allowing the active layer to consist of the mono-domain region only. The insulating film underlying the active layer has a specific surface configuration of an intended pattern in profile, including projections or recesses. To fabricate the active layer, form a silicon oxide film by sputtering on the substrate. Pattern the silicon oxide film providing the surface configuration. Form an amorphous silicon film by low pressure CVD on the silicon oxide film. Retain in the silicon oxide film and / or the amorphous silicon film certain metallic element for acceleration of silicon film to a crystalline silicon film. Then, perform a second heat treatment in the halogen atmosphere forming on the crystalline silicon film a thermal oxide film containing halogen, whereby the crystalline silicon film alters to a mono-domain region.

In this invention, the rate of decrease of an oxidation suppressing element in a solder bath during use is measured, and a solder alloy including the oxidation suppressing element in the same or greater proportion than the rate of decrease in the amount is suitably added in accordance with the decrease in the solder bath. As a simple method, in flow soldering of an Sn—Ag based or Sn—Ag—Cu based solder alloy, to compensate for a decrease in the P content of the solder bath which is observed during operation, a solder alloy containing 60-100 ppm by mass of P in an Sn—Ag based or Sn—Ag—Cu based solder alloy for replenishing a solder bath is supplied to maintain not only the P content but also the surface level of molder solder bath.

To provide iron-based oxide magnetic particle powder that has a narrow particle size distribution and a small content of fine particles that do not contribute to the magnetic recording characteristics, which result in a narrow coercive force distribution, and is suitable for the enhancement of the recording density of the magnetic recording medium, and a method for producing the same. An alkali is added to an aqueous solution containing a trivalent iron ion and an ion of the metal substituting a part of Fe sites to neutralize the aqueous solution to pH of 1.0 or more and 3.0 or less; a hydroxycarboxylic acid D is added in an amount providing a molar ratio D / Fe with respect to the amount of the trivalent iron ion or a molar ratio (D / (Fe+M)) with respect to the total amount of the trivalent iron ion and the ion of the metal M in the case where the substituting metal ion is contained of 0.125 or more and 1.0 or less; an alkali is further added to neutralize to pH of 7.0 or more and 10.0 or less; and then the iron oxyhydroxide containing the substituting metal element is coated with a silicon oxide and heated, so as to provide ε-type iron-based oxide magnetic particle powder containing the substituting metal element.

The disclosure details a variety of applications of steganographic encoding and decoding of auxiliary information in physical and media objects. In particular, digital watermarks embedded in media content are used to initiate automated transactions associated with the content and to link creative content with information or transactions.

A surface-modified iron-based oxide magnetic particle powder has good solid-liquid separation property in the production process, has good dispersibility in a coating material for forming a coating-type magnetic recording medium, has good orientation property, and has a small elution amount of a water-soluble alkali metal, and to provide a method for producing the surface-modified iron-based oxide magnetic particle powder. The surface-modified iron-based oxide magnetic particle powder can be obtained by neutralizing a solution containing dissolved therein a trivalent iron ion and an ion of the metal, by which the part of Fe sites is to be substituted, with an alkali aqueous solution, so as to provide a precursor, coating a silicon oxide on the precursor, heating the precursor to provide e-type iron-based oxide magnetic powder, and adhering a hydroxide or a hydrous oxide of one kind or two kinds of Al and Y thereto.

In the method of the present invention, xylylenediamine is produced by a two-stage hydrogenation of a dicyanobenzene compound. In a first stage (a), the hydrogenation is performed until a conversion of nitrile groups reaches 90 mol % or higher and less than 99.9 mol %. In a second stage (b), the hydrogenation is further continued at temperatures 10° C. or more higher than in the step (a) until the conversion of nitrile groups reaches a level which is higher than that attained in the step (a) and equal to 99.5 mol % or more. In the present invention, a highly pure xylylenediamine containing a minimized amount of cyanobenzylamine is efficiently produced in a simple manner without needing a specific purification, and also without deteriorating the use efficiency of the catalyst while reducing the amount of the dicyanobenzene compound remaining not reacted and the generation of the intermediate cyanobenzylamine.

The claimed invention relates to a process for producing an optical material for EUV lithography, wherein the optical material contains a silica glass having a TiO2 concentration of from 3 to 12 mass % and a hydrogen molecule content of less than 5×1017 molecules / cm3 in the glass. The process including coating a multilayer film on the silica glass by ion beam sputtering.

An electroless copper plating solution which can ensure superior adhesion of a copper plating film to a flat ceramic surface having low roughness and which can form a high-frequency electronic component having superior high-frequency conductivity and a high Q value is provided. Also provided is a high frequency electronic component formed by using this electroless copper plating solution. The electroless copper plating solution of contains copper ions, nickel ions, formaldehyde or a derivative thereof, and tartaric acid or a salt thereof. The ratio of the content of the nickel ions to that of the copper ions on a molar basis is in the range of about 0.0001 to 0.015.

A method for purifying a crude (meth)acrylic acid obtained by a vapor phase catalytic oxidation method, characterized in that the crude (meth)acrylic acid having most parts of water and acetic acid removed therefrom, is fed to and distilled in a first distillation column of a purification system comprising first to third three distillation columns, the top fraction from the first distillation column is fed to and distilled in the second distillation column, the resulting top fraction is recovered as a high purity (meth)acrylic acid product, the bottoms from the first and second distillation columns are fed to and distilled in the third distillation column, and the resulting top fraction is fed to the first distillation column.

The invention relates to a method for removing solvent from polymer solution generated by solution polymerization and an apparatus for removing solvent from such polymer solution. The method for removing solvent from polymer solution in accordance with the invention is a method for removing solvent by putting polymer solution and steam in contact with each other to remove the solvent by steam stripping, including a step of feeding a part of the steam into tube 2 for transferring polymer solution to tank 1 for removing solvent, and a step of feeding the remaining part of the steam into the inside of the tank for removing solvent. Particularly, the amount of the steam to be fed into the tube is preferably at 10 to 90% by mass, when the whole amount of the steam is defined as 100% by mass. The polymer contained in the polymer solution includes various polymers such as butadiene rubbers styrene.butadiene rubber, and ethylene.α-olefin.non-conjugated diene copolymer rubber. Further, the solvent is preferably n-hexane, n-pentane, cyclohexane, toluene and the like.

A method for manufacturing a resin-layer coated toner is provided. The method for manufacturing the resin-layer coated toner uses a rotary stirring apparatus including a circulating section, a temperature regulation section, a spraying section and an exhausting section, sprays a liquid substance to particles of toner materials and particles of coating materials in a fluidized state to plasticize such particles from a spraying section by carrier gas and gasifies the liquid, circulates the carrier gas in the powder passage and continuously exhausts the carrier gas including the gasified substance through the exhausting section to the outside of the powder passage, and pressure P1 in the powder passage and pressure P0 outside the powder passage satisfy the following formula (1): 0 atm<(Pressure P1 in the powder passage−Pressure P0 outside the powder passage)≦̸0.3 atm  (1).

PCT No. PCT / FR96 / 02008 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 15, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 15, 1998 PCT Filed Dec. 13, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97 / 21828 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 19, 1997A process is provided for the production of glycogens or an extract rich in glycogens from yeast cells, and a cosmetic composition containing them. A given quantity of yeast cells, from a specific culture or recovered as residues of a fermentation process, is subjected to an operation of enrichment in intracellular glycogens by culturing in two phases in the presence of a carbon source. The metabolism of the yeast cells is then stopped. The membranes of the yeast cells are then at least partially disintegrated to free intracellular substances, and the freed intracellular substances are subjected to at least one precipation to precipitate glycogens. A cosmetic composition comprising the glycogens is formulated in admixture with a dermatologically acceptable excipient.

An optical glass may be a phosphate based glass containing at least any one of oxides selected from TiO2, Nb2O5, WO3, and Bi2O2. The total content (HR) of the TiO2, Nb2O5, WO3, and Bi2O2 may be 35 mol % or above, the noble metal content may be less than 2.0 ppm, and the βOH value, given by the following general formula, may be 0.1 mm-1 or above: βOH=−[ln(B / A)] / t.

The present invention provides a cerium oxide slurry, a cerium oxide polishing slurry, and a method of polishing a substrate by using the same, wherein decrease of scratches and polish at high speed can be realized by reducing the content of coarse grains by improving in the disperse state of cerium oxide particles. The invention relates to a cerium oxide slurry containing cerium oxide particles, dispersant and water, in which the ratio of weight of cerium oxide / weight of dispersant is in a range of 20 to 80 and relates a cerium oxide polishing slurry comprising the cerium oxide slurry and additives such as a water-soluble polymer.