A high-heat conductivity and wear-resistant composite material comprises a main material and an auxiliary material, wherein the main material comprises zirconium corundum fine powder, nanometer aluminum nitride, pure calcium aluminate cement, carbon fiber, magnesium zirconium sand, silica micropowder, aluminum oxide micropowder, sodium tripolyphosphate, silicon carbide, graphene and the like; and the auxiliary material comprises phosphoric acid, ink-grade aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, graphene, a sintering agent and the like. The high-heat conductivity and wear-resistant composite material provided by the invention has high compressive strength, high compactness, very high wear resistance, corrosion resistance and scouring resistance, heat shock stability and high heat conductivity. The high-heat conductivity and wear-resistant composite material is applied to wear-resistant and flame-isolating parts of a circulating fluidized bed boiler and chemical and industrial kilns, and can prolong the service life of wear-resistant layers of the wear-resistant and flame-isolating parts, so that the complex repair times, the maintenance cycle and the maintenance cost are reduced, and thus a requirement on long-cycle safe operation of the high-temperature wear-resistant layer of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is met.