A cast steel disc body of the high-speed train brake disc comprises, by mass, 0.2%-0.32% of carbon, 0.5%-0.7% of silicon, 0.4%-0.8% of manganese, 0.01%-0.02% of tungsten, 0.1%-0.9% of vanadium, 0.7%-0.9% of molybdenum, 1.0%-1.5% of nickel, 0.9%-1.2% of chromium, 0.01%-0.02% of titanium, 0.020%-0.035% of aluminum, 0.1%-0.3% of copper, 0.035%-0.050% of zirconium, 0.001%-0.003% of boron, 0.1%-0.2% of cobalt, the sum of the content of phosphorus and the content of sulfur is smaller than or equal to 0.01%, and the balance iron. The cast steel disc body of the high-speed train brake disc is prepared through a remelting method, vacuum melting and aluminum insertion deoxidation tapping, a Re-Ti-Si creep modifier is poured into a steel ladle through an in-ladle pouring method, and impurities are removed through an in-ladle argon blowing purification process, so that the high-speed train brake disc has enough strength and a high and stable friction coefficient, and the service life of the high-speed train brake disc is prolonged. The wear resistance is higher; and the thermal crack resistance is better.