The invention discloses an elastic support dry-friction damper with an intelligent structure. The elastic support dry-friction damper comprises a fold-back type elastic support, a supporting base, piezoelectric ceramic, a movable friction plate, a static friction plate, a plurality of strain gauges and three regulating bolts. The two ends of an inner mouse cage elastic support are respectively connected to the outer mouse cage elastic support and a rotary shaft. The end surface of one end, matched with a rolling bearing, of the inner mouse cage elastic support and the movable friction plate are connected through bolts. The end surface of one end, matched with the rolling bearing, of the inner mouse cage elastic support is connected to the movable friction plate. The static friction plate is arranged at one end of the rotary shaft in a sleeving mode. The movable friction plate is arranged on the rotary shaft in the sleeving mode. The outer mouse cage elastic support is arranged at the outer circumference of the inner mouse cage elastic support. After the elastic support dry-friction damper with the intelligent structure is introduced, a rotor is effectively controlled through vibration at a critical rotation speed, and unstable vibration of the rotor and sudden vibration increase caused by other unknown reasons further can be restrained, and therefore, the elastic support dry-friction damper has a wide application prospect in the fields of aviation and spaceflight.