The invention provides a solar energy driven single-effect and double-effect coupled lithium bromide refrigerator, which includes a solar intermediate temperature heat collector, a gas-fired boiler, a hot water storage tank, a heat collection circulating pump, a high temperature heat exchanger, a low temperature heat exchanger, a lithium bromide solution pump, an absorber, a refrigerant water circulating pump, an evaporator, a heat exchange end, an air conditioning room, an expansion valve, a cooling water circulating pump, a cooling tower, a condenser, a low pressure generator, a high pressure generator, a hot water circulating pump, a first valve, a second valve, a third valve, a fourth valve, a fifth valve, a six valve, a seventh valve and an eighth valve. The refrigerator can efficiently utilize the solar energy via switching of the single effect and the double effects of the system according to the characteristics of the solar collector system, can reduce consumption of primary energy as compared with the conventional gas-fired lithium bromide refrigerator, and is environmentally friendly.