The invention relates to an efficient metallurgical rotary kiln for treating lead-zinc oxide ore and belongs to the field of structural designs and application of non-ferrous metallurgical industry equipment. The efficient metallurgical rotary kiln for treating lead-zinc oxide ore comprises a rotary kiln body, a feed opening, air blasting equipment, an air inlet pipe, a heat exchanger, a hot air adding opening, a discharge opening, an exhaust gas outlet, a rotary kiln support roller, a rotary kiln mechanical transmission component and a hot air pipe. As the heat exchanger is added to the outside of a reduction area to heat air produced by the air blasting equipment up to about 500 DEG C, air required for in-kiln reaction is provided while an in-kiln material is heated up, accordingly, the temperature of the reduction area reaches 1,200-1,300 DEG C, and normal reaction is guaranteed. Besides, a gas nozzle is arranged at the head part of the rotary kiln, and if the temperature of the reduction area does not reach 1,200-1,300 DEG C, the gas nozzle can be ignited for heating, so that the temperature of the reduction area is guaranteed, effective volatile reaction of the material in the reduction area is ensured, meanwhile, in-kiln material coking is reduced, and the production cycle of the rotary kiln is prolonged.