The invention discloses a synthetic method of L-2-chloropropionic acid. The synthetic method comprises the steps of firstly dissolving L-alanine into hydrochloric acid, introducing nitrosyl chloride and hydrogen chloride gas for reaction, after the raw materials are converted, filtering, continuing to stir for 1-2 hours, and an alkaline reagent for neutralization, extracting by virtue of an organic solvent, combining organic phases, drying by virtue of anhydrous calcium chloride, filtering, and carrying out rectification, so as to obtain a product, namely L-2-chloropropionic acid. The method has the advantages that the operation is simple, and the emission of wastewater is reduced; and by taking nitrosyl chloride with relatively high activity as a diazotization regent, aliphatic amino canbe rapidly converted into chlorine, so that the raw material conversation rate and the yield are greatly increased, the yield can reach 90% or above, an original configuration is not reversed in the reaction process, and the optical purity ee value can reach 99.1%.