The invention relates to a deeply buried iron mineral resource underground mining and concentrating integration system, which is characterized in that only one main hoisting shaft is arranged, positions adjacent to the main hoisting shaft are provided with an underground concentrating mill, an underground filling station and an underground water sump; the left side and the right side of the main hoisting shaft are uniformly provided with at least one blind shaft, and positions adjacent to the main hoisting shaft and the blind shaft are both provided with a main orepass; the footwall side of the top of an ore body is provided with a main horizontal haulage roadway, and both ends of the roadway are provided with air shafts; and the underground concentrating mill comprises a cycle chamber, a conical chamber, a screening chamber, a powder ore chamber, a grinding chamber, a sorting chamber and a product delivery chamber. The invention has the main characteristics that the concentrating mill, the underground filling station and the under water sump are arranged underground so as to realize short-distance hoisting of mined deeply buried mineral resources, the concentrated tailings and waste rocks are directly used underground, the overall mining cost can be reduced by 10 to 30 percent without damaging the earth surface, environment pollution is reduced, and the ecological environment is protected.