77 results about "Exchange interaction" patented technology

Provided are a magnetic disk comprising a granular magnetic recording layer which causes less noise even with a recording capacity thereof of 250 G or more bits per square inch; and a method for manufacturing the same. The magnetic disk according to the present invention comprises: a granular magnetic recording layer (20) which is formed on a disk substrate 10 directly or via an intermediate layer and which has non-magnetic regions between granular columnar particles; and an auxiliary recording layer (22) which is formed on the granular magnetic recording layer 20 and which causes exchange interaction among the granular columnar particles, wherein the auxiliary recording layer (22) contains 0.1 to 3 moles of oxygen.

A first magnetic shielding film is disposed on one surface of a magnetoresistive effective film in a thickness direction thereof, and a second magnetic shielding film is disposed on the other surface of the magnetoresistive effective film in said thickness direction thereof. The antiferromagnetic films are disposed in between the first magnetic shielding film and the second magnetic shielding film, adjacent to and bonded through exchange interaction with at least one of the first magnetic shielding film and the second magnetic shielding film.

The invention provides a weathering crust illuviation-type rare-earth ore leaching agent and a method for extracting rare earths by using the same, particularly a leaching agent solution for weathering crust illuviation-type rare-earth ores. The active component is citrate, wherein the citrate is any one of ammonium citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate and magnesium citrate, or mixture of sodium citrate, potassium citrate and magnesium citrate. The method for extracting rare earths from weathering crust illuviation-type rare-earth ores comprises the following steps: leaching by using the citrate as the active component of the leaching agent to obtain a rare-earth leaching mother solution, removing impurities, and adding a precipitant to obtain a rare-earth enriched substance. In the weathering crust illuviation-type rare-earth extraction process, cation exchange interaction and anion (citrate ion) complex action exist, and the two actions can cooperate to enhance the rare-earth recovery rate and lower the concentration and consumption of the leaching agent.

The invention provides an aided teaching method and system based on multi-dimensional data analysis, and the method comprises the steps: recording mistakes at a client according to an exercise template; obtaining the knowledge points in the mistakes and the error rate at a server through the analysis of the knowledge points in the mistakes; obtaining a teaching analysis result through multi-dimensional data analysis, correlation analysis, and historical backtracking analysis. Through the centralized collection and storage of the mistake record of students and the multi-dimensional analysis ofdata, the method determines the key teaching points, enables teachers to quickly and completely know the shortcomings of students in knowledge points, and improves the targeted teaching. An analysis result of the mistakes is dynamically displayed on a display device, thereby achieving the clearer and more visual understanding of the shortcomings in a conventional teaching process. Through the building of an exchange interaction platform, the method breaks the limit of a conventional classroom in modes of forums and online classrooms, improves the exchange between students and teachers, and improves the learning interestingness.

Embodiments of the invention ensure that a perpendicular magnetic recording medium having a granular magnetic recording layer made of CoCrPt alloy and Si oxide provides both high SNR and thermal stability. In one embodiment, a substantially amorphous grain boundary layer of a magnetic recording layer made of CoCrPt alloy and Si oxide contains a ferromagnetic element in a concentration from about 30 at. % to 50 at. % or more preferably from about 35 at. % to 47 at. %, so that intergrain exchange interaction takes place moderately. As a consequence, SNR of 18 dB or more and thermal stability of 3% / decade or less are achieved.

Heat assisted magnetic recording systems with composite recording films are disclosed. The magnetic recording films include superparamagnetic nanoparticles dispersed in an antiferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic matrix. The matrix provides antiferromagnetic coupling with the superparamagnetic nanoparticles, and minimizes exchange interactions between adjacent nanoparticles.

Heat assisted magnetic recording systems with composite recording films are disclosed. The magnetic recording films include superparamagnetic nanoparticles dispersed in an antiferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic matrix. The matrix provides antiferromagnetic coupling with the superparamagnetic nanoparticles, and minimizes exchange interactions between adjacent nanoparticles.

A device or class of devices that provides a mechanism for controlling charge current flow in transistors that employs collective magnetic effects to overcome voltage limitations associated with single-particle thermionic emission as in conventional MOSFETs. Such a device may include two or more magnetic stacks with an easy-in-plane ferromagnetic film sandwiched between oppositely magnetically oriented perpendicular magnetization anisotropy (PMA) ferromagnets. Each stack includes two non-magnetic layers separating the easy-plane ferromagnetic film from the PMA layers. Charge current flow through one of these stacks controls the current-voltage negative differential resistance characteristics of the second stack through collective magnetic interactions. This can be exploited in a variety of digital logic gates consuming less energy than conventional CMOS integrated circuits. Furthermore, the easy-in-plane magnetic films may be subdivided into regions coupled through exchange interactions and the in-plane fixed magnetic layers in the input magnetic stacks can be used in non-volatile logic and memory.

The invention discloses a preparation method of nanoparticles for self-controlled temperature magnetic-induction hyperthermia, and belongs to the technical field of magnetic-induction hyperthermia for treating tumors. In a spinel cobalt ferrtte structure, sublattices are divided into tetrahedral sites and octahedral sites, and all Co2+ and one half of Fe3+ are on octahedral sites while the other half of Fe3+ is on the tetrahedral sites; the level of a Curie point is directly determined by the strength of an exchange interaction between the tetrahedral sites and the octahedral sites. According to the method, Cr3+ and Zn2+ are doped into cobalt ferrtte by virtue of a hydrothermal method, so that the number of magnetic ions on the tetrahedral sites and the octahedral sites in the spinel structure is reduced, and subsequently the exchange interaction is weakened; therefore, the Curie point is lowered. By virtue of the spinel structure, the stable chemical properties of the obtained product are guaranteed, and the product, due to the property of low Curie point, is applicable to the self-controlled temperature magnetic-induction hyperthermia. The preparation method is economic and convenient and is easy for popularization.

The invention discloses a method for controlling spin wave transmission and belongs to the field of spintronics. According to the method, through applying an electric field on a spin wave guide structure, the strength of exchange interaction in a magnetic waveguide material can be effectively changed. An exchange constant is controlled through the electric field, so that the spin wave dispersion relation can be regulated to realize a purpose of controlling the spin wave transmission. The exchange interaction is controlled through the electric field, so that the local precise control of the spin wave transmission can be realized at ultra-low power consumption to provide the possibility for actual application of an ultra-low-power magnonics device compatible with a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Transistor) technological process.

A patterned perpendicular magnetic recording disk with discrete data islands of recording layer (RL) material includes a substrate, a patterned exchange bridge layer of magnetic material between the substrate and the islands, and an optional exchange-coupling control layer (CCL) between the exchange bridge layer and the islands. The exchange bridge layer has patterned pedestals below the islands. The exchange bridge layer controls exchange interactions between the RLs in adjacent islands to compensate the dipolar fields between islands, and the pedestals concentrate the flux from the write head. The disk may include a soft underlayer (SUL) of soft magnetically permeable material on the substrate and a nonmagnetic exchange break layer (EBL) on the SUL between the SUL and the exchange bridge layer. In a thermally-assisted recording (TAR) disk a heat sink layer may be located below the exchange bridge layer and the SUL may be optional.

The invention provides a modified polyarylether ketone and a preparation method of the modified polyarylether ketone. The modified polyarylether ketone is as shown in the formula (I). Compared with the conventional polyarylether ketone, first of all, in the main chain of the modified polyarylether ketone, an imidazole part is used for replacing a bisphenol structure containing ether bond to reduce the content of oxygen atoms in the main chain structure and reduce the content of ether bond, so that ether exchange interaction generated by the heated molecular chains is reduced and the heat resistance of polymerization is improved; secondly, an imidazole monomer is introduced in the modified polyarylether ketone; the imidazole ring is introduced to improve the rigidity of the main chain, so as to improve the heat resistance of the modified polyarylether ketone; at last, a larger pendant group or an fatty group chain is introduced to the main chain of the modified polyarylether ketone to adjust the structure of the main chain and improve the aggregation structure, so that the solubility of the modified polyarylether ketone is improved.

A magnetic storage device comprises an array of magnetic memory cells (50). Each cell (50) has, in electrical series connection, a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) (30) and a Zener diode (40). The MTJ (30) comprises, in sequence, a fixed ferromagnetic layer (FMF) (32), a non-magnetic spacer layer (33), a tunnel barrier layer (34), a further spacer layer (35), and a soft ferromagnetic layer (FMS) (36) that can change the orientation of its magnetic moment. The material type and thickness of each layer in the MTJ (30) is selected so that the cell (50) can be written by applying a voltage across the cell, which sets the orientation of the magnetic moments of the FMF (32) and FMS (36) relative to one another. The switching is effected by means of an induced exchange interaction between the FMS and FMF mediated by the tunneling of spin-polarised electrons in the MTJ (30). The cell (50) therefore has low power consumption during write operations allowing for fast writing and dense integration of cells (50) in an array. The mechanism used to control the array to write and sense the information stored in the cells (50) is simplified.

The invention provides a resin-method recovering technology for an electroplating waste acid and diluted acid waste water. The technology comprises two steps: the first step, filtering the discharged waste acid water, and removing solid particle impurities; and the second step, removing a large number of metal ions in the waste water by a mixed resin, enabling the content of the metal ions, such as aluminum, iron, and lead, in sulfuric acid solution to be standard, recovering and recycling. The innovation point of the technology is that the metal ion removal is realized by using the mixed resin and combining the exchange interaction of the metal ions and the chelation action of the metal ions. The technology has the advantages of recycling operation, high recovering efficiency, energy conservation and environmental protection, high safety degree and simple process.

A magnetoresistive sensor according to the present invention has a spin-valve film structure which includes an underfilm, a first ferromagnetic film, a conductive film, a second ferromagnetic film, an antiferromagnetic film and a protective film. One surface of the first ferromagnetic film is adjacent to the one surface of the underfilm, and the one surface of the conductive film is adjacent to the other surface of the first ferromagnetic film. One surface of the second ferromagnetic film is adjacent to the other surface Of the conductive film. One surface of the antiferromagnetic film adjacent to the other surface of the second ferromagnetic film, and thus, the antiferromagnetic film is bonded to the second ferromagnetic film with exchange interaction. One surface of the protective film is adjacent to the other surface of the antiferromagnetic film. The underfilm has a face centered cubic crystal structure, and is oriented in the (111) plane direction. Then, the distance between the adjacent (111) planes of the spin-valve film structure except the antiferromagnetic film is within 0.2050-0.2064 nm.

Hyperpolarizers for producing polarized noble gases can include: (a) a control module configured to direct the operation of a hyperpolarizer to produce polarized noble gas via spin-exchange interactions between a noble gas and an alkali metal; (b) at least one optical pumping module including an optical pumping cell operably associated with the control module; (c) a dispensing system operably associated with the control module and the optical pumping module to dispense meted volumes of polarized gas from the hyperpolarizer; and (d) a fluid distribution system operably associated with the control module, the optical pumping module, and the dispensing system, such that, in response to commands transmitted from the control module, the fluid distribution system operates to automatically direct purge gas into and out of a gas travel path that extends from the control module to the optical pumping cell prior to commencing the spin-exchange interactions in the optical pumping cell, then to receive unpolarized gas and direct it to travel in the gas travel path to the optical pumping cell, and, following the spin-exchange interactions, to automatically direct polarized gas from the optical pumping cell into a polarized gas exit travel path to the dispensing system. Related methods and computer program products as well as particular embodiments of optical pumping modules, thermal oven assemblies, and manifold blocks are also described.

A magnetoresistive medium (1) comprises a substrate (2) which has been treated to provide a miscut vicinal surface (3) in the form of terraces (4) and steps (5) of atomic and nanometer scale. There are discrete separated spacer nanowires (7) provided by an intermediate partial spacer film on each terrace (4) against each step (5). A further main film (11) provides main nanowires (10(a), 10(b)). A thin protective layer (15) covers the main nanowires (10(a), 10(b)) which form two separate subsets of main nanowires with different exchange interaction with the substrate and thus a different response to an external magnetic field. In use, when an external magnetic field (H) is applied the response of the main nanowires (10(a), 10(b)) changes as the exchange coupling with the substrate (2) varies and the magnetisation on the main nanowires (10(a), 10(b)) change. This is shown by the arrows while prior to the application of the external magnetic field, they might, for example, be aligned. Many different constructions of magnetoresistive media are described.

The invention discloses an intelligent party construction system. The system comprises a system server and multiple user terminals. The system server comprises a party member unit, a branch unit, a tourist unit and a business logic unit; the party member unit comprises a daily act module, an exchange interaction module and an evaluation module; the branch unit comprises a party member information management module, a party member activity management module and a party affair management module; the tourist unit comprises a party member information region and a party construction information region; the business logic unit comprises a permission management module used for distributing access and management permissions to party members or tourists; the permission management module comprises multiple permission control modules arranged in all functional units and gives access permissions at different levels to the party members according to geographic location information, interactive intimacy information and evaluation information of the party members. Affairs involved in party construction work are networked, so that the party construction work is not prone to regional limitation; the party construction work is carried out through networks, so that the party construction work is more convenient, flexible and complete.

The invention discloses a method for two-way real-time living resource mutual assistance and emotional exchange interaction and a system thereof. The method comprises the steps of establishing a digital quantized P2P network platform, conducting supply and demand information release, conducting accurate match, conducting synchronous push, conducting mutual-trust two-way selection and conducting further communication on a mutual communication interface. According to the method for the two-way real-time living resource mutual assistance and the emotional exchange interaction and the system thereof, due to the fact that the digital quantized P2P network platform is established and the platform only provides a touch selection mode, subsequent accurate match can be achieved, wherein a supplier and a demander can not be searched by a cloud terminal until the supplier and the demander are releasing information, the real-time property of task implementation is guaranteed, and waiting is not needed. Nearby suppliers and demanders are associated with each other through the accurate match and a principle of proximity, artificial search is not needed, and a large amount of time is saved. The synchronous push makes two parties both have rights to acquire information of an opposite party, and the purposes of mutual trust, mutual assistance, mutual communication and emotional exchange interaction are achieved through two-way selection.

Energy-saving method / system for heating and humidifying a building or car's saloon are disclosed. The method includes—drawing in an outside airstream,—passing it via a dry channel and then, via a wet channel, in an opposite direction. Thereafter, the outside airstream is heated and directed to the building as supply air. An exhaust airstream from the building is introduced into a product channel. The wet channel is situated between the dry and product channels. The wet channel is in pairwise heat-exchange interactions with the wet and product channels. Water vapor, contained in the exhaust airstream, is condensed, discharged into the atmosphere at a temperature closed to the dew point. The outside airstream, passed along the wet channel, is transfer-heated and humidified by the exhaust airstream. Water from the product channel is used for wetting the wet channel. The system includes at least two membranes arranged between the channels.

The invention provides a preparation method of a porous adsorbent based on two cross-linking agents, and relates to an adsorbent.The method comprises the steps that 1, a reactive monomer, the cross-linking agents, a pore-foaming agent and an initiator are mixed to be uniform through ultrasound, nitrogen is introduced, the obtained solution is poured into a vessel, and the vessel is closed and then put into a drying oven for a constant-temperature polymerization reaction; 2, the product obtained in the first step is put into a Soxhlet extractor and extracted with solvent, and the porous adsorbent based on the two cross-linking agents is obtained, or the product obtained in the first step is put into the solvent and soaked till no impurity is detected out in the liquid, and the porous adsorbent based on the two cross-linking agents is obtained.The porous adsorbent is easy to prepare and good in repeatability, due to the fact that the adsorbent contains multiple functional groups such as a benzene ring, an imidazole group, an alkyl group and an amide group, and simultaneous and effective extraction on acid, neutral and alkali compounds can be achieved through pi-pi, dewatering, hydrogen bond, dipole-dipole and anion exchange interaction.Meanwhile, the obtained extraction material has the advantages of being easy to prepare, good in permeability, large in specific surface area, friendly to environment and the like.

The invention discloses a multifunctional intelligent control system. The multifunctional intelligent control system comprises a central processing end, client sides, a data collecting end and an instruction executing end. The central processing end comprises a central processing unit, a communication module, a storage module and a power module. Each client side comprises a communication module, a control module, a display output module and a power module, wherein the communication module of the client side is connected with the communication module of the central processing end through a communication network. The data collecting end comprises a power module, a signal processing module, a communication module and a sensor module. The instruction executing end comprises a communication module, a power module, an executor and a signal processing module. Information exchanging and sharing can be achieved among the client sides, and exchanging interaction of a common platform is achieved; internal electrical equipment and body building equipment can be conveniently operated and monitored through the client sides, the environment conditions can be detected and equipment data sharing and scientific analyzing are achieved.

The invention relates to a method for the continuous production of unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydrides of formula (I) R-C(O)-O-C(O)-R (I), wherein R is an unsaturated organic group with 2 to 12 C atoms, by anhydride exchange interaction of an aliphatic carboxylic acid anhydride with a carboxylic acid of formula (II) R-COOH (II), wherein R is defined as above, in a rectification column having an upper, a middle and a lower zone. The method is characterized in that f) an inert boiling oil is present in the sump of the column, g) the feed-stock is fed to a reaction zone in stoichiometric ratios, h) the carboxylic acid formed as a by-product is removed at the top of the column, i) the non-reacted feed-stock is returned to the reaction zone, and j) the product of formula (I) is obtained via a lateral outlet, preferably between the middle and the lower column zone.

The invention relates to a method for preparing an alumina coated lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery positive pole material by aluminum salt solution aftertreatment, the method comprises the steps that (1) a lithium source and a cobalt source are mixed according to the molar ratio of Li:Co of (1+x):1, wherein x is equal to or larger than 0.07 and smaller than or equal to 0.1, sintering is performed at the temperature of 800 DEG C to 1,200 DEG C for 15-20 h, and LiCoO2 is obtained; (2) the LiCoO2 is added to an aluminum salt water solution and mixed uniformly, then the water solution is stirred and evaporated completely, and a residual is obtained; (3) the residual is sintered at the temperature of 400 DEG C to 500 DEG C for 2-5 h, and the material is obtained. According to the method, the use of an organic aluminum chemical reagent is avoided, the cost and the hazard are low, and the method is easy for industrial application; the content of lithium carbonate in an LiCoO2 product is improved with the method that adequate lithium source is used in lithium cobalt oxide synthesis, the acidity of the aluminum salt water solution is neutralized, strong corrosion damage of the aluminum salt water solution to lithium cobalt oxide is prevented, and the exchange interaction of protons and lithium ions is prevented.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a data visualization processing method and apparatus based on animal electroencephalogram (EEG) identification. The data visualization processing method basedon animal EEG identification includes the steps: acquiring original EEG signals of animal; removing the noise interference in the original EEG signals to obtain purified EEG signals; extracting the characteristic values in the purified EEG signals; according to a pre-constructed classification model, performing analysis and identification on the characteristic values so as to obtain the identification result of the animal psychological state; and displaying the identification result in a visualization mode. The data visualization processing method and apparatus based on animal EEG identification can accurately realize analysis and identification of EEG signals, and can extensively and vividly show the identification result of the EEG signals to the user in a visualization mode so as to realize a better human-computer interaction process in the exchange interaction mode to improve the user experience.

In one embodiment, a spin torque device uses a thick (e.g., >1 nm, and preferably >=2-6 nm) ferrimagnet (FIM) layer, instead of a thin (e.g., <1-2 nm) FM layer in the device's stack. The FIM layer may be composed of a cobalt-gadolinium (Co—Gd) alloy, cobalt-terbium (Co—Tb) multilayers, or other materials that provide anti-ferromagnetic coupling between two sub-lattices. Negative exchange interaction between the two sub-lattices of the FIM may allow for low current switching. High thermal stability and external magnetic field resistance may also be achieved.

The invention discloses a community service display screen terminal based on a mobile phone app and a system of the terminal, and relates to the technical field of display screen terminals. The terminal comprises a base and a vertical display screen shell; first vertical columns are arranged at the two sides of the upper bottom face of the base respectively; the vertical display screen shell is fixedly installed on one end faces of the two first vertical columns; the system comprises an advertisement database, an advertisement control unit, an advertisement playing unit, a human-computer interaction unit, an owner exchange interaction display unit, a living service unit, a vehicle information database and a vehicle information analysis unit. According to the community service display screen terminal based on the mobile phone app and the system of the terminal, functional areas of a display screen are designed and divided, and data communication is established between all the display areas and movable terminals of all parties; content and information related to advertisements, properties, friend making, garage parking spaces and the like are published, the system accesses a government advertisement information supervision management system, the use efficiency and publicity effect of the display screen terminal are improved, the interaction and communication among owners, property managers, merchants and the government are promoted, and the terminal and the system are convenient to use and operate.