The invention relates to an acesulfame synthesis and acylation production process, which comprises the following steps of a, putting a sulfamic acid and dichloromethane into a dissolving kettle, and pumping a mixture into a synthesis kettle; b, adding dropwise triethylamine into the synthesis kettle, adding dropwise a glacial acetic acid, and performing natural reaction for 1 hour after the glacial acetic acid is added dropwise; c, placing reactants in the synthesis kettle into an acylation kettle, and adding dropwise diketene for an acylation reaction; and d, after the diketene is added dropwise, circulating a product subjected to the acylation reaction for 1 hour in the acylation kettle, placing into a heat-preservation kettle, performing natural reaction for 1 hour to generate an acetoacetyl-N-sulfonate intermediate, and feeding the acetoacetyl-N-sulfonate intermediate to a sulfonation section for use. The acesulfame synthesis and acylation production process has the advantages that 1, a stepwise reaction mode is adopted, so that compared with a conventional single-kettle production process, the method has the characteristics of production operation continuity and high reaction stability; 2, a multi-kettle stepwise production mode is adopted, so that the production efficiency is greatly improved, the reaction efficiency of the whole production flow is optimized, and the economic benefits of an enterprise are significantly improved.