The invention relates to a rythrocyte lyophilized protective agent and a using method thereof during lyophilizing. The prescription of the protective agent before being lyophilized is as follows: glucose solution, adenine, NaCl, mannitol, KCl, polymer hydroxyethyl starch, bovine serum albumin and sodium citrate. The prescription of the lyophilized rehydration protective agents is as follows: trehalose, ascorbic acid, NaCl, KH2PO4, Na2 HPO4, dextran, bovine serum albumin, KCl, inosine and adenine. The protective liquid before being lyophilized and rythrocyte suspension liquid are mixed according to the volume ratio of 4:1, are frozen and dried to obtain lyophilized rythrocyte, then the lyophilized rythrocyte is rehydrated by the rehydration protective agent. The recovery rate of the rythrocyte lyophilized protective agent and the using method thereof during lyophilizing of the invention can reach as high as 71.1 percent through the measurement of a cell counter, and is improved by 12.3 percent by comparing with the lyophilized protective agent and the lyophilized method thereof in the prior art, the highest recovery rate of which is 58.5 percent.