2796 results about "Bismuth preparation" patented technology

This invention relates to apparatus and a method to protect the internal components of semiconductor processing equipment such as a plasma reactor or a reactive species generator against physical and / or chemical damages during etching and / or cleaning processes. Layered superlattice materials having three or more metal elements such as strontium bismuth tantalate (SBT) are used to form a protective barrier on the surfaces of the internal components of a reaction chamber.

A frangible projectile with a specific gravity similar to a lead projectile. The projectile comprises 34-94%, by weight, binder. The binder comprises poly ether block amide resin. The projectile further comprises 6-66%, by weight, ballast. The ballast comprises at least one member selected from a group consisting of tungsten, tungsten carbide, molybdenum, tantalum, ferro-tungsten, copper, bismuth, iron, steel, brass, aluminum bronze, beryllium copper, tin, aluminum, titanium, zinc, nickel silver alloy, cupronickel and nickel. The projectile can be prepared with a particularly preferred specific gravity of 5-14 and more preferably 11-11.5.

A lead-acid battery comprising: at least one lead-based negative electrode; at least one lead dioxide-based positive electrode; at least one capacitor electrode; and electrolyte in contact with the electrodes; wherein a battery part is formed by the lead based negative electrode and the lead dioxide-based positive electrode; and an asymmetric capacitor part is formed by the capacitor electrode and one electrode selected from the lead based negative electrode and the lead-dioxide based positive electrode; and wherein all negative electrodes are connected to a negative busbar, and all positive electrodes are connected to a positive busbar. The capacitor electrode may be a capacitor negative electrode comprising carbon and an additive mixture selected from oxides, hydroxides or sulfates of lead, zinc, cadmium, silver and bismuth, or a capacitor negative electrode comprising carbon, red lead, antimony in oxide, hydroxide or sulfate form, and optionally other additives. The capacitor electrode may be used in asymmetric capacitors and batteries of other types.

Compositions and processes for forming radiopaque polymeric articles are disclosed. In one embodiment, radiation inspection apparatuses and methods are then used to determine the presence and attributes of such radiopaque polymeric articles. A radiopaque polymeric article of the present invention can be created by mixing a radiopaque material, such as barium, bismuth, tungsten or their compounds, with a powdered polymer, pelletized polymer or liquid solution, emulsion or suspension of a polymer in solvent or water. In addition to creating radiation detectable objects, the radiopaque polymeric materials of the present invention can be used to create radiation protective articles, such as radiation protective garments and bomb containment vessels. Enhanced radiation protection can also be achieved through the use of nano-materials. The principals of the present invention can be used to provide protection against other types of hazards, including fire, chemical, biological and projectile hazards.

An engine exhaust catalyst exhibits improved CO oxidation performance relative to conventional engine exhaust catalysts and includes a first supported catalyst comprising platinum and a second supported catalyst comprising palladium and gold species in close contact. The first supported catalyst may be a platinum catalyst, a platinum—palladium catalyst, or a platinum catalyst promoted with bismuth, and the second supported catalyst preferably has a palladium to gold weight ratio of about 0.85:1.0. To improve aged catalyst performance, the first and second supported catalysts are coated onto different layers, zones, or monoliths of the substrate for the engine exhaust catalyst.

A low softening point glass composition, which is substantially free from lead, bismuth and antimony and comprises oxides of vanadium, phosphorous, tellurium and iron, a softening point of the composition being 380° C. or lower.

A dual-energy x-ray imaging system searches a moving automobile for concealed objects. Dual energy operation is achieved by operating an x-ray source at a constant potential of 100 KV to 150 KV, and alternately switching between two beam filters. The first filter is an atomic element having a high k-edge energy, such as platinum, gold, mercury, thallium, lead, bismuth, and thorium, thereby providing a low-energy spectrum. The second filter provides a high-energy spectrum through beam hardening. The low and high energy beams passing through the automobile are received by an x-ray detector. These detected signals are processed by a digital computer to create a steel suppressed image through logarithmic subtraction. The intensity of the x-ray beam is adjusted as the reciprocal of the measured automobile speed, thereby achieving a consistent radiation level regardless of the automobile motion. Accordingly, this invention provides images of organic objects concealed within moving automobiles without the detritus effects of overlying steel and automobile movement.

A dual-energy x-ray imaging system searches a moving automobile for concealed objects. Dual energy operation is achieved by operating an x-ray source at a constant potential of 100 KV to 150 KV, and alternately switching between two beam filters. The first filter is an atomic element having a high k-edge energy, such as platinum, gold, mercury, thallium, lead, bismuth, and thorium, thereby providing a low-energy spectrum. The second filter provides a high-energy spectrum through beam hardening. The low and high energy beams passing through the automobile are received by an x-ray detector. These detected signals are processed by a digital computer to create a steel suppressed image through logarithmic subtraction. The intensity of the x-ray beam is adjusted as the reciprocal of the measured automobile speed, thereby achieving a consistent radiation level regardless of the automobile motion. Accordingly, this invention provides images of organic objects concealed within moving automobiles without the detritus effects of overlying steel and automobile movement.

It is an object of the invention is to provide a light-emitting element in which failure of the light-emitting element due to separation can be controlled and stable luminescence can be obtained with high-efficiency and for a long stretch of time by controlling separation of layers constituting the light-emitting element. According to one aspect of a light-emitting element of the invention, the light-emitting element sandwiches a plurality of layers between a pair of electrodes, wherein at least one layer of the plurality of layers is a layer containing a substance selected from bismuth oxide, cobalt oxide, chromium oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, and titanium oxide, or at least one layer of layers different from a light-emitting layer among the plurality of layers is a mixed region of one substance selected from bismuth oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide, magnesium oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, and titanium oxide and an organic compound.

A silver and silver alloy plating bath, includes (A) a soluble salt, having a silver salt or a mixture of a silver salt and a salt of a metal such as tin, bismuth, indium, lead, and the like; and (B) a particular aliphatic sulfide compound, such as thiobis(diethyleneglycol), dithiobis(triglycerol), 3,3′-thiodipropanol, thiodiglycerin, 3,6-dithiooctane-1,8-diol, and the like, which contain at least one or more of an ether oxygen atom, a 1-hydroxypropyl group, a hydroxypropylene group, or two or more of a sulfide bond in the molecule, and not containing a basic nitrogen atom. Compared to baths containing aliphatic monosulfide compounds, such as thiodiglycol or beta-thiodiglycol, which do not contain an ether oxygen atom, 1-hydroxypropyl group, a hydroxypropylene group, or two or more of a sulfide bond in the molecule, by having these particular compounds, the plating bath of the present invention has excellent stability over extended time, excellent co-deposition of silver and various metals, and excellent appearance of the electrodeposition coating.

The invention relates to a tin-base leadless solder without silver, and relative production. Wherein, it comprises Bi at 7.5-60% (without 7.5%), Cu at 0.1-3.0%, and the left is tin; and it also can contain Zn, Ni, P, Ge, Ga, In, Al, La, Ce, Sb, Cr, Fe, Mn, or Co while the total amount of micro alloy element is not higher than 1.0%. And the production comprises that in protective gas or vacuum, smelting middle alloy Sn-Cu10; then smelting into leadless solder alloy ingot which can be used as solder directly or be made into bar band, wire plate or powder. The inventive solder has low cost while its fusion point can be controlled between 140 and 230Deg. C. And it has strong anti-oxidization and anti-corrosion properties.

This invention provides ways to fabricate nanotubes and nanobead arrays by utilizing nanopores in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. Nanotubes of bismuth and other low melting point metals with controlled diameters and lengths can be fabricated by sintering AAO coated with appropriate metals at temperatures above their melting points. Carbon nanotubes may also be readily formed by carbonizing a polymer on the interior walls of the nanopores in AAO membranes. Palladium nanobead arrays which can be used as ultrafast hydrogen sensors are fabricated by coating the flat surface of AAO membranes with controlled pore-wall ratios.

An engine exhaust catalyst exhibits improved CO oxidation performance relative to conventional engine exhaust catalysts and includes a first supported catalyst comprising platinum and a second supported catalyst comprising palladium and gold species in close contact. The first supported catalyst may be a platinum catalyst, a platinum-palladium catalyst, or a platinum catalyst promoted with bismuth, and the second supported catalyst preferably has a palladium to gold weight ratio of about 0.85:1.0. To improve aged catalyst performance, the first and second supported catalysts are coated onto different layers, zones, or monoliths of the substrate for the engine exhaust catalyst.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing organyloxysilyl-terminated polymers which have increased stability toward atmospheric moisture, by reacting hydroxy-terminated organic polymers with isocyanato-functional silanes in the presence of at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of bismuth and zinc compounds, and to crosslinkable compositions comprising such polymers.

A process for producing bismuth-containing oxide thin films by Atomic Layer Deposition, including using an organic bismuth compound having at least one silylamido ligand as a source material for the bismuth oxide. Bismuth-containing oxide thin films produced by the preferred embodiments can be used, for example, as ferroelectric or dielectric material in integrated circuits and / or as superconductor materials.

Belonging to the technical field of catalysts, the invention discloses a nitrogen doped carbon material loaded catalyst. The carbon material can realize nitrogen doping by means of nitrogen containing precursor chemical coupling and other surface modification methods, also a nitrogen source and a carbon source can be introduced simultaneously at high temperature for in situ synthesis of a nitrogen doped carbon material, and then a simple substance or compound of one or more of gold, copper, manganese, potassium or bismuth can be loaded on the nitrogen doped carbon material. The nitrogen doped carbon material loaded mercury-free catalyst involved in the invention has activity and stability obviously superior to those of ordinary carbon material loaded catalysts. Under certain reaction conditions, the activity of the nitrogen doped carbon material loaded catalyst is superior to that of ordinary carbon material loaded catalysts by over 10%. The carbon material and the catalyst disclosed in the invention are green and non-toxic, and have good environmental benefits. The process involved in the invention is simple, economical and feasible.

Compositions and processes for forming radiopaque polymeric articles are disclosed. In one embodiment, radiation inspection apparatuses and methods are then used to determine the presence and attributes of such radiopaque polymeric articles. A radiopaque polymeric article of the present invention can be created by mixing a radiopaque material, such as barium, bismuth, tungsten or their compounds, with a powdered polymer, pelletized polymer or liquid solution, emulsion or suspension of a polymer in solvent or water. In addition to creating radiation detectable objects, the radiopaque polymeric materials of the present invention can be used to create radiation protective articles, such as radiation protective garments and bomb containment vessels. Enhanced radiation protection can also be achieved through the use of nano-materials. The principals of the present invention can be used to provide protection against other types of hazards, including fire, chemical, biological and projectile hazards.

A glass composition substantially free from lead and bismuth and containing vanadium oxide and phosphor oxide as main ingredients, wherein the sintered glass of the glass composition exhibits 109 Ωcm or more at 25 ° C.

Example embodiments of the present invention relate to an alloy solder and a semiconductor device using the alloy solder. Other example embodiments relate to an alloy solder capable of increasing reliability of a junction between a semiconductor chip and a substrate. According to still other example embodiments of the present invention, there may be a tin-bismuth (Sn—Bi) family alloy solder between a semiconductor chip and a substrate, and a semiconductor device using the alloy solder. The semiconductor device may include a semiconductor chip formed with a plurality of gold (Au) bumps, a substrate having metal wirings connected to the gold (Au) bumps, and a junction including a tin-bismuth (Sn—Bi) family alloy solder interposed between and connecting the gold (Au) bump and the metal wiring.The formation of a relatively large amount of AuSn4 intermetallic compound may be inhibited in the junction because gold (Au) may not easily diffuse into a tin-bismuth (Sn—Bi) family alloy solder of a liquid state during a reflow process for connecting the semiconductor chip and substrate. Therefore, most of the junction may be retained as the tin-bismuth (Sn—Bi) family alloy solder.

A catalyst for producing from an olefin the corresponding unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid in high yield; and a process for producing the catalyst. The process is for producing a composite oxide catalyst which is for use in catalytically oxidizing an olefin in a vapor phase with a gas containing molecular oxygen to produce the corresponding unsaturated aldehyde and corresponding unsaturated carboxylic acid, and which comprises (A) molybdenum, (B) bismuth, (C) cobalt and / or nickel, and (D) iron. It is characterized in that catalyst precursor particles produced through a preceding step in which an aqueous dispersion containing a raw material for the ingredient (A), raw material for the ingredient (C), and raw material for the ingredient (D) which have been united with one another and having a nitric acid radical content satisfying the relationship 1.2<=NO3 / (3xFe+2x(Co+Ni)) is dried and then heated are united with a raw material for the ingredient (B) in a water-miscible solvent and the resultant united matter is dried and burned. In the relationship, NO3, Fe, Co, and Ni indicate the molar contents of nitric acid radicals, iron, cobalt, and nickel, respectively.

A primer composition with reduced toxicity suited for reduced-energy ammunition comprises bismuth (III) oxide as the principal oxidizer and contains a portion of propellant composition mixed therein. This composition may also be used in a cartridge which is otherwise substantially free of any other propellant compound and preferably produces a residue which is substantially free of toxic substances.

A method and structure for a solder interconnection, using solder balls for making a low temperature chip attachment directly to any of the higher levels of packaging substrate is disclosed. After a solder ball has been formed using standard methods it is reflowed to give the solder ball a smooth surface. A layer of low melting point metal, such as, bismuth, indium or tin, preferably, pure tin, is deposited on the top of the solder balls. This structure results in localizing of the eutectic alloy, formed upon subsequent low temperature joining cycle, to the top of the high melting solder ball even after multiple low temperature reflow cycles. This method does not need tinning of the substrate to which the chip is to be joined, which makes this method economical. It has also been noticed that whenever temperature is raised slightly above the eutectic temperature, the structure always forms a liquid fillet around the joint with copper wires. This liquid fillet formation results in substantial thermal fatigue life improvement for reduced stress at interface; and secondly, provides an easy means to remove chip for the purpose of chip burn-in, replacement or field repairs.

A battery electrode comprises an electrically conductive substrate having an electrochemically active electrode composition supported thereupon. The composition includes an active material capable of reversibly alloying with lithium, which material shows a volume change upon such reversible alloying. The composition includes a buffering agent which accommodates the volume change in the active material and minimizes mechanical strain in the composition. The active composition may further include materials such as carbon. The active material may comprise silicon, aluminum, antimony, antimony oxides, bismuth, bismuth oxides, tin, tin oxides, chromium, chromium oxides, tungsten, and tungsten oxides or lithium alloys of the foregoing. The buffering agent may comprise a metal or a metal oxide or lithium alloys of the foregoing. Also disclosed are batteries which incorporate these electrodes, methods for the fabrication of the electrodes and methods for the fabrication and operation of the batteries.

There are provided an electrode material for a lithium secondary battery which comprises alloy particles comprising silicon as a major component and having an average particle diameter of 0.02 μm to 5 μm, wherein the size of a crystallite of the alloy is not less than 2 nm but no more than 500 nm and an intermetallic compound containing at least tin is dispersed in a silicon phase and an electrode material for a lithium secondary battery which comprises alloy particles comprising silicon as a major component and having an average particle diameter of 0.02 μm to 5 μm, wherein the size of a crystallite of the alloy is not less than 2 nm but no more than 500 nm and an at least one intermetallic compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, zinc, indium, antimony, bismuth and lead is dispersed in a silicon phase. Thereby, an electrode material for a lithium secondary battery, an electrode structure comprising the electrode material and a secondary battery comprising the electrode structure are provided in which a drop in capacity due to repeated charging / discharging is small, and the charge / discharge cycle life is improved.

The invention provides an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) catalyst for denitrating low-temperature smoke of a cement kiln and a preparation method thereof. The SCR catalyst is characterized in that by adjusting the technological conditions such as proportions of active components, mass ratio of carriers and active components, calcining temperature and the like, a composite metal oxide which is formed by one or more metal elements out of manganese (Mn), ferrum (Fe), copper (Cu), cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), bismuth (Bi), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta) and the like is loaded on a carrier by adopting an impregnation method, and tungsten and molybdate are used as active assistants. The active components in the SCR catalyst are uniformly distributed on the surface of the carrier in an unformed shape, the low-temperature activity of the catalyst is improved by utilizing the synergistic effect of multiple metals, the SCR catalyst is particularly suitable for the denitration of the smoke which is discharged from a dust collector on the tail of the cement kiln, the denitration rate can reach higher than 70 percent at the temperature of 80 DEG C, the denitration rate is higher than 90 percent in the temperature range of 125 DEG C to 200 DEG C, and the toxicity resistance is strong.

The present invention relates to compositions comprising a combination of one or more antiseptic and an antibiotic. It is based, at least in part, on the discovery that such combinations tend to deter the formation of antibiotic-resistant organisms. In preferred, nonlimiting embodiments of the invention, the antibiotic is minocycline and the antiseptic is a chlorhexidine compound, triclosan, or benzalkonium chloride, and in particular embodiments, a silver salt or a bismuth salt is added. Examples of specific, nonlimiting embodiments of the invention include combinations of (i) minocycline, triclosan, and a bismuth salt; (ii) minocycline, a chlorhexidine compound, and a bismuth salt; and (iii) minocycline, benzalkonium chloride, and a bismuth salt. The present invention further provides for articles, such as, but not limited to, medical articles, which have been treated with or which otherwise comprise a combination of antiseptic and antibiotic.

An engine exhaust catalyst exhibits improved CO oxidation performance relative to conventional engine exhaust catalysts and includes a first supported catalyst comprising platinum and a second supported catalyst comprising palladium and gold species in close contact. The first supported catalyst may be a platinum catalyst, a platinum-palladium catalyst, or a platinum catalyst promoted with bismuth, and the second supported catalyst preferably has a palladium to gold weight ratio of about 0.85:1.0. To improve aged catalyst performance, the first and second supported catalysts are coated onto different layers, zones, or monoliths of the substrate for the engine exhaust catalyst.

A method is disclosed for fabricating a integrated device, such as a MEMS device. A first wafer is provided on an exposed surface with a layer of gold, gold alloy or gold compound. A second wafer is provided on its exposed surface with under-layer of gold, gold alloy or gold compound; and an over- of bismuth, bismuth alloy, a compound of bismuth, cadmium, cadmium alloy, a compound of cadmium compound, tin, tin alloy, or a compound of tin. The wafers are then brought into contact and bonded at their surfaces through the deposited layers.

A cluster source is used to assist charged particle beam processing. For example, a protective layer is applied using a cluster source and a precursor gas. The large mass of the cluster and the low energy per atom or molecule in the cluster restricts damage to within a few nanometers of the surface. Fullerenes or clusters of fullerenes, bismuth, gold or Xe can be used with a precursor gas to deposit material onto a surface, or can be used with an etchant gas to etch the surface. Clusters can also be used to deposit material directly onto the surface to form a protective layer for charged particle beam processing or to provide energy to activate an etchant gas.