The invention discloses a technology for extracting tellurium from copper anode slime, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) the copper anode slime is put into a sulfuric acid solution, oxygen is introduced into the sulfuric acid solution for oxidation sulfuric acid leaching; solid-liquid separation is carried out to obtain leachate containing copper and tellurium; and the leaching process being finished in a closed high-pressure device; (2) copper powder is added into the leachate to remove silver or selenium in the leachate by substitution, and the solid-liquid separation is carried out; (3) sulfur dioxide is introduced into the leachate obtained from the step (2) to precipitate the tellurium by reduction, and the solid-liquid separation is carried out to obtain crude tellurium; and (4) the crude tellurium is processed according to a conventional method to extract pure tellurium. The technology adopts one-section oxidation acid leaching to leach the copper and tellurium out, copper powder to remove the impurities of silver, selenium and the like by substitution, and sulfur dioxide to precipitate the tellurium by reduction (obtaining tellurium dioxide), and the tellurium dioxide precipitation is alkali-dissolved and then electrolyzed to obtain the tellurium, therefore, the flow is simple, the consumption of the copper powder is remarkably reduced, and the simplification of the technology is beneficial to improve the recovery ratio of the tellurium, which can achieve more than 90 percent.