185results about How to "Small crystal size" patented technology

LiFePO₄ flakes for a Li-ion battery and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The LiFePO₄ flakes of the present invention have a thickness of 5 nm-200 nm, and the angle between the flat surface normal of the flake and the Li-ion diffusion channel is 0°-80°. In addition, according to the present invention, the LiFePO₄ flakes with short Li ion diffusion path can be prepared through a simple process. Hence, not only the charge-discharge efficiency of the Li-ion battery can be improved by use of the LiFePO₄ flakes of the present invention, but also the cost of the Li-ion battery can be further reduced.

A method for making a carbon-metal-nitrogen oxygen reducing cathode catalyst, the method comprising mixing a carbon source with a transition metal precursor to form a metal precursor loaded carbon substrate; adding a nitrogen precursor compound to the metal precursor loaded carbon substrate to form a carbon-metal-nitrogen precursor; and pyrolyzing the carbon-metal-nitrogen precursor in a closed vessel, thereby forming an oxygen reducing cathode catalyst. The carbon-metal-nitrogen catalyst requires no precious metal such as Pt, and also provides benefits such as controlled deposition of catalytically active nitrogenous compounds that can increase the catalytic activity of the catalyst when compared to gaseous deposition of nitrogen to the surface of the carbon support.

Synthetic nano-sized crystalline calcium phosphate, particularly hydroxyapatite, having a specific surface area in the range of 150 m²/g to 300 m²/g, is described. The nano-sized crystalline calcium phosphate may be in the form of a powder or in the form of a coating on a surface. A method of producing a nano-sized crystalline calcium phosphate powder or coating is also described. The method comprises formation of a liquid crystalline phase in a water solution of calcium, phosphor and a surfactant, placing the phase in an ammonia atmosphere so that nano-sized crystals are formed, followed by either removal of the surfactant with a solvent and recovering the nano-sized crystals to obtain the powder, or diluting the ammonia-treated liquid crystalline phase with a hydrophobic organic solvent to create a microemulsion of the nano-sized crystals in water, dipping an oxide layer-coated surface of an object into the microemulsion, or alternatively saving the step of ammonia treatment of the liquid crystalline phase until after the dipping of the surface of an object into the microemulsion, followed by removal of the organic solvent and the surfactant from the surface to obtain the coating.

A method of hydrostatic high pressure food processing to extend the shelf life of food products. The method calls for the application of hydrostatic pressure in the range of 10,000 psi to 130,000 psi for a period of 0.1 second to 7,200 seconds to effectively inactivate pathogenic microorganisms within the food product. The inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms significantly extends the shelf life of a food product.

An object of the present invention is to provide a cathode active material which contains small-particle sized and low-crystalline lithium transition metal silicate and which undergoes charge-discharge reaction at room temperature.

The cathode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is characterized by containing a lithium transition metal silicate and exhibits diffraction peaks having half widths of 0.175 to 0.6°, the peaks observed through powder X-ray diffractometry within a 2θ range of 5 to 50°.

Described is a method for the production of metal oxides, in particular mixed metal oxides such as ceria/zirconia, and metal oxides obtainable by said method. Due to high enthalpy solvents with a high carboxylic acid content said metal oxides have improved properties. For example ceria/zirconia has excellent oxygen storage capacity at high zirconium levels up to more than 80% of whole metal content.

The present invention provides a method for manufacture of supported noble metal based alloy catalysts with a high degree of alloying and a small crystallite size. The method is based on the use of polyol solvents as reaction medium and comprises of a two-step reduction process in the presence of a support material. In the first step, the first metal (M1=transition metal; e.g. Co, Cr, Ru) is activated by increasing the reaction temperature to 80 to 160° C. In the second step, the second metal (M2=noble metal; e.g. Pt, Pd, Au and mixtures thereof) is added and the slurry is heated to the boiling point of the polyol solvent in a range of 160 to 300° C. Due to this two-step method, an uniform reduction occurs, resulting in noble metal based catalysts with a high degree of alloying and a small crystallite size of less than 3 nm. Due to the high degree of alloying, the lattice constants are lowered. The catalysts manufactured according to the method are used as electrocatalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), direct-methanol fuel cells (DMFC) or as gas phase catalysts for CO oxidation or exhaust gas purification.

MOF nanocrystals having a narrow size distribution, as well as methods of making and using same are disclosed.

A method is provided for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock in the naphtha boiling range to light olefins. The method includes contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with a zeolitic material having a crystal size from 50 to 300 nanometers, having a silica to alumina ratio greater than 200 and where the zeolitic material has a silicalite structure.

A surface-mount crystal oscillator includes a quartz crystal unit, a mounting substrate on which an IC (Integrated Circuit) chip is mounted and which is bonded to the rear surface of the crystal unit, and an electronic components which is mounted on one end of the surface of the mounting substrate on which the crystal unit is bonded. The crystal unit includes a planar substrate, a quartz crystal blank held on one principal surface of the planar substrate, a metal film formed along the outer periphery of the principal surface, and a concave metal cover having an open-ended face. In the crystal unit, the open-ended face of the metal cover is brazed to the metal film, whereby the crystal blank is hermetically sealed between the metal cover and the planar substrate.

The present invention relates to a titanium dioxide material for coating on a substrate and method of making the same. The coated material is resistant to delamination and can be used for air-purification purposes.

The present invention provides a mordenite zeolite having a mesopore surface area of greater than 30 m²/g and an average primary crystal size as measured by TEM of less than 80 nm, and methods of making the mordenite zeolite.

The present invention relates to microporous molecular sieve materials and their analogue molecular sieve materials having a crystalline unilamellar or multilamellar framework with a single unit cell thickness in which layers are aligned regularly or randomly, the molecular sieve materials being synthesized by adding an organic surfactant to the synthesis composition of zeolite. In addition, the present invention relates to micro-mesoporous molecular sieve materials activated or functionalized by dealumination, ion exchange or other post treatments, and the use thereof as catalyst. These novel materials have dramatically increased external surface area by virtue of their framework with nano-scale thickness, and thus exhibit improved molecular diffusion, and thus have much higher activities as catalyst and ion exchange resin than conventional zeolites. In particular, the materials of the present invention exhibit high reactivity and dramatically increased catalyst life in various organic reactions such as carbon-carbon coupling, alkylation, acylation, etc. of organic molecules.

Unique thermoplastic monofilament fibers and yarns that exhibit heretofore unattained physical properties are provided. Such fibers are basically manufactured through the extrusion of thermoplastic resins that include a certain class of nucleating agent therein, and are able to be drawn at high ratios with such nucleating agents present, that the tenacity and modulus strength are much higher than any other previously produced thermoplastic fibers, particularly those that also simultaneously exhibit extremely low shrinkage rates. Thus, such fibers require the presence of certain compounds that quickly and effectively provide rigidity to the target thermoplastic (for example, polypropylene), particularly after heat-setting. Generally, these compounds include any structure that nucleates polymer crystals within the target thermoplastic after exposure to sufficient heat to melt the initial pelletized polymer and allowing such an oriented polymer to cool. The compounds must nucleate polymer crystals at a higher temperature than the target thermoplastic without the nucleating agent during cooling. In such a manner, the "rigidifying" nucleator compounds provide nucleation sites for thermoplastic crystal growth. The preferred "rigidifying" compounds include dibenzylidene sorbitol based compounds, as well as less preferred compounds, such as [2.2.1]heptane-bicyclodicarboxylic acid, otherwise known as HPN-68, sodium benzoate, certain sodium and lithium phosphate salts [such as sodium 2,2'-methylene-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate, otherwise known as NA-11]. Specific methods of manufacture of such inventive thermoplastic fibers, as well as fabric articles made therefrom, are also encompassed within this invention.

A water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol resin filament is provided, which is formed by melt-spinning a material consisting essentially of a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol resin having a 1,2-diol structural unit represented by the following general formula (1). A nonwoven fabric is also provided, which is produced by using the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol resin filament. Therefore, the nonwoven fabric is excellent in water solubility at a lower temperature, and substantially free from bubbling during dissolution thereof in water. In addition, a fully saponified PVA can be used for melt-forming. This suppresses emanation of acetic acid odor, thereby improving the working environment.

wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶, which may be the same or different, are each a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and X is a single bond or a connecting chain.

A frozen food with a high protein to fat ratio with a smooth creamy mouth-feel is provided. The frozen food can be prepared with a low sugar (available carbohydrate) content and a high protein to sugar and a high protein to fat ratio. A major portion of the protein is derived from water soluble protein.

The use of nucleating agents to manufacture polymeric stents is disclosed. The resulting stents may have increased crystallinity, decreased crystal size, increased mechanical properties, and faster degradation times.

A method for synthesizing the all-silica zeolite beta with small crystal size is disclosed. This method comprises the steps of: (a) forming a reaction mixture comprising (1) a source of silicon dioxide (SiO₂), (2) a source of fluoride ions (F⁻), (3) a source of tetraethylammonium cations (TEA⁺), and (4) water (H₂O), at predetermined mole ratios of the source of silicon dioxide, the source of fluoride ions, the source of tetraethylammonium cations, and water; (b) crystallizing the reaction mixture; and (c) recovering the crystalline material formed, wherein the pH of the mixture before crystallization has a value of 6 to 9, and the pH of the mixture after crystallization has a value of 6 to 8. This improved method gives a fast and efficient way of synthesis of all-silica zeolite beta with an average crystal size of less than 5 μm.