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A process for integrating a DNA fragment into the genome of a cell of a monocotyledonous plant, the process comprising the steps of: 1) incubating, prior to contacting with the DNA fragment, a culture of untransformed monocotyledonous plant cells on a medium comprising a plant phenolic compound, for a period of time sufficient to stimulate cell division and enhance competence for integration of foreign DNA; and 2) contacting the untransformed cells with the DNA fragment under conditions in which the DNA fragment is taken up by the untransformed cells and is stably integrated in the genome of the untransformed cells, to generate transformed cells.

Disclosed is a method for converting cellulose in a lignocellulosic biomass. The method provides for a lignin-blocking polypeptide and/or protein treatment of high lignin solids. The treatment enhances cellulase availability in cellulose conversion and allows for the determination of optimized pretreatment conditions. Additionally, ethanol yields from a Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation process are improved 5-25% by treatment with a lignin-blocking polypeptide and/or protein. Thus, a more efficient and economical method of processing lignin containing biomass materials utilizes a polypeptide/protein treatment step that effectively blocks lignin binding of cellulase.

A computer system and method for securing files in a file system equipped with storage resources that are accessible to an authenticable user operating with an untrusted client device under the semi-trusted client threat model. The file to be secured is stored in one or more blocks belonging to the storage resources along with symmetric per-block key(s) KB_i assigned to each of the blocks in the file. The blocks are encrypted with the symmetric per-block keys to obtain encrypted blocks. The user is assigned user key(s) and each per-block key that was used for encryption is in turn encrypted with one of the user's keys to derive wrapped key(s) for each encrypted block. Wrapped key(s) are placed in encrypted block headers and introduce a level of indirection to encrypted file(s) that is appropriate for the semi-trusted client threat model.

A skin dressing comprises a first dressing component (16) carrying oxidoreductase enzyme in dried condition; and a second dressing component (18) carrying a source of water, such that when the first and second dressing components are placed in fluid communication with each other, water migrates from the second component towards the first comportent and acts to hydrate enzyme carried by the first component, at least at the surface of the first component. The dressing components are kept separate before use, e.g. being sealed in separate sterile, water-impervious packages such as laminated aluminium foil pouches. In use of the dressing, the second dressing component is located on the skin of a human or animal, e.g. over a wound to be treated or on a region of skin to be treated for cosmetic or therapeutic purposes such as for treatment of acne or other skin conditions. The first dressing component is placed on top of the second component in fluid communication therewith. In embodiments comprising only first and second dressing components, the first dressing component is placed in direct contact with the second dressing component. Water from the second component migrates towards the first comportent and acts to hydrate enzyme carried by the first component, at least at points of contact at the interface between the first and second components. Once hydrated, the oxidoreductase enzyme can immediately begin functioning in known manner with beneficial effects.

A replaceable accessory head for a powered toothbrush. The user selects one of a plurality of dental care accessory assemblies for flossing, brushing teeth, or for stimulating the gums. That assembly is engaged with the head which in turn is engaged with the handle and is locked thereto. This locking motion also causes the assembly to become locked to the head and the assembly may then be used for its intended purpose. A vibratory mechanism in the handle is activated causing vibration in the accessory assembly and thus improving the flossing, brushing or gum stimulation motions. When the assembly is worn out or when a different dental hygiene task is to be undertaken, the user detaches the head from the handle, thereby simultaneously unlocking the accessory assembly from the head. The assembly is then disengaged and is replaced by a different accessory assembly.

A stirring unit for stirring a fluid contained in a vessel includes a mixing body for stirring the fluid by rotating around a rotation axis, and a magnet or a magnetic substance for receiving a rotating magnetic field for rotating the mixing body, in which a suction port and a discharge port for the fluid are provided on a surface of the mixing body, a plurality of flow paths connecting the suction port and the discharge port are provided inside the mixture, the suction port is disposed at a position on the rotation axis or at a position closer to the rotation axis than the discharge port, and the discharge port is disposed at a position outside the rotation axis than the suction port.

A drying system for a dishwasher including a passive vent assembly mounted to a top portion of the dishwasher. The passive vent assembly includes a passive vent structure having a series of air vents defined therein and through which drying air flows are drawn into the wash chamber of the dishwasher, a diffuser mounted over the air vents and including a series of fins for spreading the drying air flows across the wash chamber, and a moisture trap hood mounted over an upper surface of the passive vent structure.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions having trehalose and DNA polymerase for facilitating the rapid and efficient amplification of nucleic acid molecules and the detection and quantitation of RNA molecules, and for increasing the detection sensitivity and reliability through generation of secure cDNA molecules prior to gene-specific primer dependent amplification. The reagent mixture comprises a ready to use reagent solution, wherein the solution comprises: (a) trehalose in a concentration between about 5% and about 35%; (b) a viral reverse transcriptase; and (c) at least one DNA polymerases, in a buffer suitable for use in a reverse transcription reaction, wherein the buffer comprises a co-factor metal ion and nucleoside triphosphates.

A digital camera (300) has panning and/or tilting functionality and comprises: a camera housing (6) with an optical input (400), such as a lens or objective (8); an image capturing unit (500) for producing a digital image from light received through the optical input; and a controller (600). A first mirror (9) is mounted externally to the camera housing (6). An image rotating device (200) receives an angular displacement control signal from the controller (600) and rotates the first mirror at an angle with respect to the optical input (400, 8) of the camera housing (6).

The invention provides methods for detecting interactions between phage and antigen or antigen and antibody using biosensors.