The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a layered Steiner network structure fiber membrane. The fiber membrane is composed of polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polypropylene cellulose, polycarbonate , polyimide, the porogen is dichloromethane, polyvinyl alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, acetone or tetrahydrofuran, the cross-linking agent is glutaraldehyde, methylenebisacrylamide , triethanolamine, polyethyleneimine or diethylenetriamine, the catalyst is made of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid and the solvent is deionized water, and the layered Steiner network structure fiber membrane prepared by this method is applied to the colorimetric explosive detection It can improve the sensitivity of colorimetric detection in terms of reaction time and response degree, and has the advantages of sensitive response, immediate display of results, simple operation and use, and the like. Moreover, according to the different explosive detection reagents loaded in the fiber membrane, it can detect and identify a variety of non-standard explosives and standard explosive raw materials, which is universal.