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14551results about "Fuel cells" patented technology
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Free-standing and aligned carbon nanotubes and synthesis thereof
One or more highly-oriented, multi-walled carbon nanotubes are grown on an outer surface of a substrate initially disposed with a catalyst film or catalyst nano-dot by plasma enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition of a carbon source gas and a catalyst gas at temperatures between 300° C. and 3000° C. The carbon nanotubes range from 4 to 500 nm in diameter and 0.1 to 50 μm in length depending on growth conditions. Carbon nanotube density can exceed 104 nanotubes / mm2. Acetylene is used as the carbon source gas, and ammonia is used as the catalyst gas. Plasma intensity, carbon source gas to catalyst gas ratio and their flow rates, catalyst film thickness, and temperature of chemical vapor deposition affect the lengths, diameters, density, and uniformity of the carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes of the present invention are useful in electrochemical applications as well as in electron emission, structural composite, material storage, and microelectrode applications.
Owner:THE RES FOUND OF STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK
Power system method and apparatus
InactiveUS20060152085A1Protect the loadDc network circuit arrangementsConversion constructional detailsElectric power systemEngineering
Power converter system topologies comprise a first DC / DC converter to pull a positive rail of a high voltage bus up, while a second DC / DC converter pushes a negative rail of the high voltage bus down. One or both the DC / DC converters may be bi-directional. Such topologies are suitable for use with separate primary power sources, and / or auxiliary power sources. Such topologies may include a DC / AC converter, which may be bi-directional. Such topologies may include one or more auxiliary DC / DC converters, which may be bi-directional. Multiple substrates, including at least one stacked above another may enhance packaging.
Owner:SIEMENS VDO AUTOMOTIVE CORP
Composite solid electrolyte for protection of active metal anodes
ActiveUS20070172739A1Eliminate through-porosityHigh metal ion conductivityCell electrodesPrimary cellsPorosityTectorial membrane
A composite solid electrolyte include a monolithic solid electrolyte base component that is a continuous matrix of an inorganic active metal ion conductor and a filler component used to eliminate through porosity in the solid electrolyte. In this way a solid electrolyte produced by any process that yields residual through porosity can be modified by the incorporation of a filler to form a substantially impervious composite solid electrolyte and eliminate through porosity in the base component. Methods of making the composites is also disclosed. The composites are generally useful in electrochemical cell structures such as battery cells and in particular protected active metal anodes, particularly lithium anodes, that are protected with a protective membrane architecture incorporating the composite solid electrolyte. The protective architecture prevents the active metal of the anode from deleterious reaction with the environment on the other (cathode) side of the architecture, which may include aqueous, air and organic liquid electrolytes and / or electrochemically active materials.
Owner:POLYPLUS BATTERY CO INC
Catalytic steam gasification of petroleum coke to methane
The present invention provides a catalytic steam gasification process for gasifying petroleum coke. The solids composition within the gasification reactor of the disclosed invention is maintained by controlling the catalyst composition of the feed. The process utilizes sour water from the raw gasification product gases to recover and recycle catalyst. Fine particles generated in the handling of coke are advantageously utilized to increase the efficiency of the process.
Owner:SURE CHAMPION INVESTMENT LTD
Electrochemical device for moving particles covered with protein
InactiveUS6972080B1Efficient disposalElectrostatic separatorsSludge treatmentBlood componentElectrolysis
An electrochemical device for moving particles covered with a protein is provided. The device includes at least two electrodes that are in contact with a liquid containing the protein-covered particles and a circuit that generates a potential difference in a range that does not cause electrolysis of the liquid between the electrodes. The particles are moved by electrophoresis in the direction of the arrangement of the electrodes. The invention provided herein has numerous applications, including use in a microorganism concentration condensing device, a blood component induction device, and / or a blood component induction method, and / or an electric appliance that decreases the concentration of microorganisms present on the surface of a heat exchanger.
Owner:PANASONIC CORP
Low-temperature hydrogen production from oxygenated hydrocarbons
InactiveUS6964757B2Reduce riskWeaken energyHydrogen productionHydrogen/synthetic gas productionSteam reformingAlkane
Disclosed is a method of producing hydrogen from oxygenated hydrocarbon reactants, such as methanol, glycerol, sugars (e.g. glucose and xylose), or sugar alcohols (e.g. sorbitol). The method takes place in the condensed liquid phase. The method includes the steps of reacting water and a water-soluble oxygenated hydrocarbon in the presence of a metal-containing catalyst. The catalyst contains a metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIIIB transitional metals, alloys thereof, and mixtures thereof. The disclosed method can be run at lower temperatures than those used in the conventional steam reforming of alkanes.
Owner:WISCONSIN ALUMNI RES FOUND
System and method for enabling the real time buying and selling of electricity generated by fuel cell powered vehicles
InactiveUS7141321B2Efficient energy marketShorten the timeAuxillary drivesCoin-freed apparatusElectric power transmissionElectricity
The present invention relates to a network communication system and method to enable the real time buying and selling of electricity generated by fuel cell powered vehicles between a fuel cell powered vehicle and a consumer. The method comprises: providing connections to the vehicle for the supply of a fuel and for transfer of electricity; determining the current cost of fuel and price paid for generating electricity; based at least on the cost of fuel and price paid for generating electricity, determining whether to make the fuel cell powered vehicle available for generation of electricity; when fuel is consumed by the vehicle and electricity generated by the vehicle, collecting data on the quantity of fuel consumed and amount of electricity generated, calculating the cost of the fuel and the value of the electricity generated, providing a debit charge for the cost of fuel consumed and a credit charge for the value of electricity generated. A method to enable the real time buying and selling of electricity generated by fuel cell powered vehicles between an energy service provider and a consumer of electricity is also disclosed.
Owner:HYDROGENICS CORP
Processes for Gasification of a Carbonaceous Feedstock
The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular, methane via the catalytic gasification of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam and an oxygen-rich gas stream. The processes comprise using at least one catalytic methanator to convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the gaseous products to methane and do not recycle carbon monoxide or hydrogen to the catalytic gasifier.
Owner:SURE CHAMPION INVESTMENT LTD
Low-temperature hydrogen production from oxygenated hydrocarbons
InactiveUS6964758B2High energy costWeaken energyHydrogen productionHydrogen/synthetic gas productionSteam reformingAlkane
Disclosed is a method of producing hydrogen from oxygenated hydrocarbon reactants, such as glycerol, glucose, or sorbitol. The method can take place in the vapor phase or in the condensed liquid phase. The method includes the steps of reacting water and a water-soluble oxygenated hydrocarbon having at least two carbon atoms, in the presence of a metal-containing catalyst. The catalyst contains a metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIII transitional metals, alloys thereof, and mixtures thereof. The disclosed method can be run at lower temperatures than those used in the conventional steam reforming of alkanes.
Owner:WISCONSIN ALUMNI RES FOUND
Method for forming a FinFET by a damascene process
ActiveUS20050170593A1Low costAvoid shortingTransistorBrushesManufacturing cost reductionInsulation layer
A device isolation film and an active region are formed on a semiconductor substrate, using a first mask pattern to expose only a formation region of the device isolation film. Only the device isolation film is selectively etched by using the first mask pattern and a second mask pattern as an etch mask, to form a fin only on a gate formation region, the second mask pattern to expose only a gate electrode formation region. A gate insulation layer is formed on both sidewalls of the fin and a gate electrode covering the first mask pattern and the gate insulation layer is formed. Source and drain regions are formed on the remaining portion of the active region where the gate electrode was not formed. Gate electrode separation becomes adequate and manufacturing costs can be reduced.
Owner:SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD
Three dimensional free form battery apparatus
A battery apparatus comprising a casing, at least two stacked lithium ion cells a member for maximizing the utilization of the casing and a member for precluding inadvertent deformation of the casing. The casing includes a non-uniform inner periphery. Each of at least two stacked lithium ion cells is positioned within the casing. The utilization maximizing member maximizes the utilization of the inner periphery of the casing by facilitating the independent shaping of each of the at least two stacked lithium ion cells to confirm to the inner periphery. As a result, the shape of one cell does not limit or dictate the shape of any other cell. The deformation precluding member is associated with each of the at least two lithium ion cells, and, substantially precludes inadvertent deformation of the casing by the at least two lithium ion cells, during cell cycling and storage. The invention further includes a process for fabricating a battery apparatus.
Owner:MITSUBISHI CHEM CORP
Thin film battery and electrolyte therefor
A solid amorphous electrolyte composition for a thin-film battery. The electrolyte composition includes a lithium phosphorus oxynitride material containing a sulfide ion dopant wherein the atomic ratio of sulfide ion to phosphorus ion (S / P) in the electrolyte ranges greater than 0 up to about 0.2. The composition is represented by the formula: where 2x+3y+2z=5+w, x ranges from about 3.2 to about 3.8, y ranges from about 0.13 to about 0.46, z ranges from greater than zero up to about 0.2, and w ranges from about 2.9 to about 3.3. Thin-film batteries containing the sulfide doped lithium oxynitride electrolyte are capable of delivering more power and energy than thin-film batteries containing electrolytes without sulfide doping.
Owner:OAK RIDGE MICRO ENERGY
Multifuel storage, metering and ignition system
A system for safe storage and efficient utilization of a variety of fuel selections that range in composition and phase from cryogenic mixtures of solids and liquids to elevated temperature gases is provided for unique applications with various types of heat engines and fuel cells including hybridized combinations.
Owner:ADVANCED GREEN INNOVATIONS LLC +1
Mesoporous carbon materials comprising bifunctional catalysts
InactiveUS20110223494A1Facilitate metal-air reactionHigh specific energyFuel and primary cellsFuel and secondary cellsLithium–air batteryElectrical devices
The present application is directed to mesoporous carbon materials comprising bi-functional catalysts. The mesoporous carbon materials find utility in any number of electrical devices, for example, in lithium-air batteries. Methods for making the disclosed carbon materials, and devices comprising the same, are also disclosed.
Owner:BASF AG
Prelithiated current collector and secondary lithium cells containing same
ActiveUS20130045427A1Reduce capacityMaterial nanotechnologyHybrid capacitorsLithium metalLithium sulfur
The present invention provides a battery or supercapacitor current collector which is prelithiated. The prelithiated current collector comprises: (a) an electrically conductive substrate having two opposed primary surfaces, and (b) a mixture layer of carbon (and / or other stabilizing element, such as B, Al, Ga, In, C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Te, or a combination thereof) and lithium or lithium alloy coated on at least one of the primary surfaces, wherein lithium element is present in an amount of 1% to 99% by weight of the mixture layer. This current collector serves as an effective and safe lithium source for a wide variety of electrochemical energy storage cells, including the rechargeable lithium cell (e.g. lithium-metal, lithium-ion, lithium-sulfur, lithium-air, lithium-graphene, lithium-carbon, and lithium-carbon nanotube cell) and the lithium ion based supercapacitor cell (e.g, symmetric ultracapacitor, asymmetric ultracapacitor, hybrid supercapacitor-battery, or lithium-ion capacitor).
Owner:GLOBAL GRAPHENE GRP INC
Apparatus, system, and method to manage the generation and use of hybrid electric power
InactiveUS20090076661A1Efficient managementElectricity cogenerationLevel controlElectricityEngineering
An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed to manage the generation and use of hybrid electric power. A monitoring module receives signals from one or more sensors. The signals comprise power level information of an electric energy storage device, power level information of one or more energy converters, and power level information of an electric load. A determination module compares the signals to determine whether electric power from the energy converters satisfies the electric load. A regulation module adjusts the electric power from the energy converters in response to a determination by the determination module that the electric power from the energy converters does not satisfy an electric load threshold.
Owner:TRULITE INC
Thermally-integrated low temperature water-gas shift reactor apparatus and process
InactiveUS7074373B1Reduced toleranceExtended temperature rangeHydrogenPhysical/chemical process catalystsWater-gas shift reactionProduct gas
A thermally-integrated lower temperature water-gas shift reactor apparatus for converting carbon monoxide in the presence steam comprises a catalyst bed that is disposed within an outer region surrounding a waste heat recovery steam generator operating at a selected pressure corresponding to the optimum temperature for conducting the catalytic water-gas shift reaction and a process for useful recovery of the exothermic heat of reaction to generate steam that is used in a process for the conversion of hydrocarbon feedstock into useful gases such as hydrogen.
Owner:HARVEST ENERGY TECH
System and methods for improved emission control of internal combustion engines using pulsed fuel flow
InactiveUS7082753B2Save oilReducing greenhouse gas emissionExhaust apparatusCombustion enginesPartial oxidationExternal combustion engine
The present invention provides systems and methods to improve the performance and emission control of internal combustion engines equipped with nitrogen oxides storage-reduction (“NSR”) emission control systems. The system generally includes a NSR catalyst, a fuel processor located upstream of the NSR catalyst, and at least one fuel injection port. The fuel processor converts a fuel into a reducing gas mixture comprising CO and H2. The reducing gas mixture is then fed into the NSR catalyst, where it regenerates the NSR adsorbent, reduces the NOx to nitrogen, and optionally periodically desulfates the NSR catalyst. The fuel processor generally includes one or more catalysts, which facilitate reactions such as combustion, partial oxidation, and / or reforming and help consume excess oxygen present in an engine exhaust stream. The methods of the present invention provide for NSR catalyst adsorbent regeneration using pulsed fuel flow. Control strategies are also provided.
Owner:INT ENGINE INTPROP CO LLC
Long life thin film battery and method therefor
InactiveUS6994933B1Extend battery lifeSmall-sized cells cases/jacketsLarge-sized cells cases/jacketsOxygen fluxSurface roughness
A thin film battery including an anode layer, a cathode layer and a solid electrolyte layer. The battery also includes, a planarization layer applied to the thin film battery. The planarization layer has a surface roughness of no more than about 1.0 nanometers root mean square and a flatness no larger than about 0.005 cm / inch. A barrier layer is applied to the planarization layer. The barrier layer is provided by one or more layers of material selected from the group consisting of polymeric materials, metals and ceramic materials. The planarization layer and barrier layer are sufficient to reduce oxygen flux through the barrier layer to the anode layer to no more than about 1.6 μmol / m2-day, and H2O flux through the barrier layer to the anode layer to less than about 3.3 μmol / m2-day thereby improving the life of the thin film battery.
Owner:OAK RIDGE MICRO ENERGY
Platinum- and platinum alloy-coated palladium and palladium alloy particles and uses thereof
ActiveUS20060135359A1Improved oxygen-reducing catalytic activityLow platinum loadingSynthetic resin layered productsCellulosic plastic layered productsAlloyOxygen
The present invention relates to particle and nanoparticle composites useful as oxygen-reduction electrocatalysts. The particle composites are composed of a palladium or palladium-alloy particle or nanoparticle substrate coated with an atomic submonolayer, monolayer, bilayer, or trilayer of zerovalent platinum atoms. The invention also relates to a catalyst and a fuel cell containing the particle or nanoparticle composites of the invention. The invention additionally includes methods for oxygen reduction and production of electrical energy by using the particle and nanoparticle composites of the invention.
Owner:BROOKHAVEN SCI ASSOCS
Antimicrobial compositions containing colloids of oligodynamic metals
InactiveUS7179849B2Reduced settlingReduce agglomerationOrganic active ingredientsPretreated surfacesSolubilityCatheter
Owner:CR BARD INC
Metal-air electrochemical cell with high energy efficiency mode
ActiveUS20110250512A1Effective and efficient mannerFuel and primary cellsFuel and secondary cellsMetal–air electrochemical cellHigh energy
The present invention relates to a metal-air electrochemical cell with a high energy efficiency mode.
Owner:FORM ENERGY INC
Electrochemical device such as electrochromic or photovoltaic device and electrical connection means thereof
InactiveUS7230748B2Smooth connectionSimple and flexible implementationElectrode carriers/collectorsSecondary cellsElectricityOptical property
An electrochemical device, especially an electrically controllable system with variable energy and / or optical properties or a photovoltaic device, including at least one substrate carrying an electroactive stack of layers arranged between a lower electrode and an upper electrode. Each electrode includes at least one electroconductive layer in electrical contact with at least one current lead. The current leads are arranged outside the region of the carrier substrate that is covered by the stack of electroactive layers.
Owner:SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANCE
Hydrogen and elemental carbon production from natural gas and other hydrocarbons
InactiveUS6395197B1High quench rateAddressing slow performanceHydrocarbon from carbon oxidesEnergy inputUnsaturated hydrocarbonHydrogen fuel
Diatomic hydrogen and unsaturated hydrocarbons are produced as reactor gases in a fast quench reactor. During the fast quench, the unsaturated hydrocarbons are further decomposed by reheating the reactor gases. More diatomic hydrogen is produced, along with elemental carbon. Other gas may be added at different stages in the process to form a desired end product and prevent back reactions. The product is a substantially clean-burning hydrogen fuel that leaves no greenhouse gas emissions, and elemental carbon that may be used in powder form as a commodity for several processes.
Owner:BATTELLE ENERGY ALLIANCE LLC
Crosslinked polymer electrolyte membranes for heat and moisture exchange devices
InactiveUS6841601B2Improve permeabilityLow costSpace heating and ventilationIndirect heat exchangersEnergy recoveryMoisture
A unitary humidity exchange cell (HUX) is dislosed that includes at least one composite membrane, disposed between at least one first chamber for flow of the first fluid therethrough and at least one second chamber for flow of the second fluid therethrough. The composite membrane include an at least partially sulfonated humidity-conducting polymer comprising residues derived from at least one arylvinyl monomer; and a reinforcing substrate bonded thereto. The product finds utility in a variety of physical and chemical processes and products whereby moisture or other highly polar liquid or gas transfer, exchange removal or delivery is important. A notable application is the Membrane Energy Recovery Ventilator (MERV) in which both heat, ions and moisture is transferred between two air streams, one intake and one exhaust, from an air-conditioned building.
Owner:TANGREDI PATRICIA
Non-aqueous battery of a thin configuration
InactiveUS6461757B1Small-sized cells cases/jacketsActive material electrodesMetallic foilElectrical battery
A non-aqueous battery is provided in a pouchy casing comprising opposing sheets of at least three-layer laminates, each laminate comprising (1) an inner thermoplastic resin layer, (2) a middle metal foil layer, and (3) an outer electrically insulating material layer, wherein the pouchy casing has an elongated, hermetic adhesion area along a periphery of the pouchy casing, and the middle metal foil layer has a peripheral elongated region in the elongated, hermetic adhesion area of the pouchy casing, and at least a pair of terminals electrically connected to the cathode and anode of the battery extends through and protrudes from the terminal-withdrawal sites in the elongated, hermetic adhesion area toward the outside of the pouchy casing, and the battery has at least one of the following features: (i) the peripheral elongated region of the middle metal foil layer has cut-out portions around the terminal-withdrawal sites and (ii) the surface of the peripheral edge of the pouchy casing is provided with electric insulation at least at portions around the terminal-withdrawal sites.
Owner:ASAHI KASEI ELECTRONICS CO LTD
Method and Apparatus for Automated, Modular, Biomass Power Generation
ActiveUS20070006528A1Increasing fuel-bed bulk densityRestrict movementHydrogenDispersed particle filtrationElectric power systemFossil fuel
Method and apparatus for generating a low tar, renewable fuel gas from biomass and using it in other energy conversion devices, many of which were designed for use with gaseous and liquid fossil fuels. An automated, downdraft gasifier incorporates extensive air injection into the char bed to maintain the conditions that promote the destruction of residual tars. The resulting fuel gas and entrained char and ash are cooled in a special heat exchanger, and then continuously cleaned in a filter prior to usage in standalone as well as networked power systems.
Owner:COMMUNITY POWER CORP
Polymer nanocomposite implants with enhanced transparency and mechanical properties for administration within humans or animals
Polymer nanocomposite implants with nanofillers and additives are described. The nanofillers described can be any composition with the preferred composition being those composing barium, bismuth, cerium, dysprosium, europium, gadolinium, hafnium, indium, lanthanum, neodymium, niobium, praseodymium, strontium, tantalum, tin, tungsten, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium. The additives can be of any composition with the preferred form being inorganic nanopowders comprising aluminum, calcium, gallium, iron, lithium, magnesium, silicon, sodium, strontium, titanium. Such nanocomposites are particularly useful as materials for biological use in applications such as drug delivery, biomed devices, bone or dental implants.
Owner:PPG IND OHIO INC
Rapid solar-thermal conversion of biomass to syngas
ActiveUS20080086946A1Improve reaction kineticsWide rangeElectrical coke oven heatingSolar heating energySyngasReactor design
Methods for carrying out high temperature reactions such as biomass pyrolysis or gasification using solar energy. The biomass particles are rapidly heated in a solar thermal entrainment reactor. The residence time of the particles in the reactor can be 5 seconds or less. The biomass particles may be directly or indirectly heated depending on the reactor design. Metal oxide particles can be fed into the reactor concurrently with the biomass particles, allowing carbothermic reduction of the metal oxide particles by biomass pyrolysis products. The reduced metal oxide particles can be reacted with steam to produce hydrogen in a subsequent process step.
Owner:UNIV OF COLORADO THE REGENTS OF
Separation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from gas mixtures
ActiveUS7618606B2Good repeatabilityMaterial nanotechnologyCombustible gas catalytic treatmentCo2 removalSorbent
A reaction-based process has been developed for the selective removal of carbon dioxide from a multicomponent gas mixture. The proposed process effects the separation of CO2 from a mixture of gases by its reaction with metal oxides. The Calcium based Reaction Separation for CO2 process consists of contacting a CO2 laden gas with calcium oxide in a reactor such that CaO captures the CO2 by the formation of calcium carbonate. Once “spent”, CaCO3 is regenerated by its calcination leading to the formation of fresh CaO sorbent. The “regenerated” CaO is then recycled for the further capture of more CO2. This process also identifies the application of a mesoporous CaCO3 structure, that attains >90% conversion over multiple carbonation and calcination cycles. Lastly, thermal regeneration (calcination) under vacuum provided a better sorbent structure that maintained reproducible reactivity levels over multiple cycles.
Owner:THE OHIO STATES UNIV
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