49 results about "Dipalmitoyl Phosphatidylcholine" patented technology

Synthetic pulmonary surfactant compositions comprising dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and essentially neutral lipid, and having essentially no 1-palmitoyl 2-oleoyl phosphatidylglycerol and essentially no palmitic acid are provided. Methods for treating respiratory disease are also provided comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a synthetic pulmonary surfactant comprising dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and essentially neutral lipid, and having essentially no 1-palmitoyl 2-oleoyl phosphatidylglycerol and essentially no palmitic acid.

This invention pertains to pharmaceutical formulations which comprise (i) a drug (e.g., an amphiphilic drug) (e.g., an anthracycline) (e.g., doxorubicin) and (ii) a short-chain sphingolipid (e.g., a short-chain glycosphingolipid or a short-chain sphingomyelin) (e.g., N-octanoyl-glucosylceramide, referred to as C8-GlcCer) (e.g., N-hexanoyl-sphingomyelin, referred to herein as C6-SM), and which provide improved drug delivery and efficacy. The short-chain sphingolipidis selected from compounds of the following formula: wherein: R1 is independently: an O-linked saccharide group; or an O-linked polyhydric alcohol group; or: R1 is independently: an O-linked (optionally N-(C1-4alkyl)-substituted amino)-C1-6alkyl-phosphate group; or an O-linked (polyhydric alcohol-substituted)-C1-6alkyl-phosphate group; R2 is independently C3-9alkyl, and is independently unsubstituted or substituted; R3 is independently C7-19alkyl, and is independently unsubstituted or substituted; R4 is independently —H, —OH, or —O—C1-4alkyl; RN is independently —H or C1-4alkyl; the bond marked with an alpha (α) is independently a single bond or a double bond; if the bond marked with an alpha (α) is a double bond, then R5 is —H; if the bond marked with an alpha (α) is a single bond, then R5 is —H or —OH; the carbon atom marked (*) is independently in an R-configuration or an S-configuration; the carbon atom marked (**) is independently in an R-configuration or an S-configuration; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, esters, ethers, chemically protected forms thereof. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical formulation is a liposomal pharmaceutical formulation prepared using a mixture of lipids comprising, at least, vesicle-forming lipids (e.g., phospholipids) (e.g., phosphatidylcholines) (e.g., fully hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC)) (e.g., dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC)) and said short-chain sphingolipid, and optionally cholesterol and optionally a vesicle-forming lipid which is derivatized with a polymer chain (e.g., a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) which is derivatized with polyethyleneglycol (PEG)) (e.g., N-(carbonyl-methoxypolyethylene glycol 2000)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine sodium salt (MPEG2000-DSPE). The present invention also pertains to methods for the preparation and use of such formulations.

The invention relates to a Dendranthema morifolium nanotechnology skin care product which is composed of the following raw materials: Dendranthema morifolium petal essential oil, a Dendranthema morifolium aqueous extract, a Dendranthema morifolium alcohol extract, a Dendranthema morifolium stem and leaf aqueous extract, a Dendranthema morifolium stem and leaf alcohol extract, and diosmetin and acacetin flavones separated from Dendranthema morifolium; dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, lecithin, polyethylene glycol 400, hyaluronic acid, trehalose, glyceryl stearate, sodium methyl hydroxybenzoate,polysorbate-20, citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium carbonate and distilled water supplemented to 100 parts. According to the nanotechnology skin care product added with multiple active ingredients of Dendranthema morifolium, multiple components and proportions are reasonably and scientifically designed, nanotechnology process parameters are optimized and screened, and the skin care effect of Dendranthema morifolium is brought into play to the maximum extent.

The invention provides a method for artificially synthesizing phospholipid DPPC (dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine).The target product, DPPC, is synthesized from glyceryl phosphoryl choline and palmitic acid through condensation reaction.The method is simple in step, mild in reaction and suitable for industrial production.The prepared DPPC can be used for various medicines such as injection, tablets and capsules as a pharmaceutical adjuvant.

The invention discloses a hypoxia response lipidosome drug carrier. The hypoxia response lipidosome drug carrier is prepared from phospholipid, cholesterol and hypoxia response molecules, wherein the mass ratio of the cholesterol to the phospholipid ranges from 1:10 to 1:2, and the mass ratio of the hypoxia response molecules to the phospholipid ranges from 1:10 to 1:4; the phospholipid is a mixture of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and methoxy-polyethylene glycol-distearoyl phosphoethanolamine; the hypoxia response molecules are derivatives of a hydrophobic aromatic nitro compound and are located between bimolecular layers of the phospholipid. The hypoxia response lipidosome drug carrier disclosed by the invention is used for loading an antitumor drug, and has a remarkable effect in application to drugs for treating tumors or other hypoxia-related diseases.

The invention provides a targeted nano-microbubble for treating small cell lung cancer, a preparation method and application thereof. Targeted nano-microbubbles include a lipid bimolecular shell and an inert gas wrapped inside the lipid bimolecular shell, and the anti-progastrin releasing peptide monoclonal antibody of small cell lung cancer and paclitaxel are connected to the lipid bimolecular shell, The average particle size of nano-microbubbles is 300-500nm. Preparation method: dipalmitolecithin, distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine, dipalmitophosphatidic acid and paclitaxel were completely dissolved in chloroform by film hydration method to prepare paclitaxel-containing liposomes, which are aimed at anti-progastrocytosis of small cell lung cancer The hormone-releasing peptide monoclonal antibody was opened with mercaptoethylamine, incubated with the liposome above to form a stable thioether bond, and then perfluoropropane gas was passed through, and the anti-monogastric antibody targeting small cell lung cancer was obtained by mechanical vibration. Secretin-releasing peptide monoclonal antibody targeting paclitaxel nanomicrobubbles. The targeted nanometer microbubble can be used in the preparation of medicines for treating small cell lung cancer.

The invention belongs to the field of antibacterial drugs, and discloses a preparation method and application of a liposome composite material for light-controlled release of tungsten sulfide quantumdots and vancomycin. The material is called WS2QDs-Van@lipo for short, wherein WS2QDs are the tungsten sulfide quantum dots, Van is the vancomycin, and lipo is liposome. The preparation method comprises the following steps of firstly, dissolving dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine-polyethylene glycol-hydroxyl in trichloromethane, and carrying out vacuum drying to generate a lipid film; then, adding the lipid film into PBS containing the WS2QDs and the Van, and performing hydrating to form a thin film; and finally, carrying out ultrasonic treatment after vortex oscillation, and carrying out centrifugal purification to obtain the WS2QDs-Van@lipo composite material. The material can be used as an antibacterial reagent, and can be accurately released at a target part through light control, so that the use amount of antibiotics and the systemic toxicity of organisms are reduced; and the material has a relatively good inhibition effect on theactivity of escherichia coli and vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, and can provide a safe and effective solution for treatment of refractory drug-resistant bacteria.

The invention belongs to the technical field of cosmetics and particularly relates to a nanogold soft film powder composition as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The nanogold softfilm powder composition comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.1 to 10.0 percent of sodium alginate, 0.5 to 10.0 percent of calcium sulfate, 0.1 to 5.0 percent of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.1 to 5.0 percent of nanogold, 0.12 to 7.5 percent of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, 0.1 to 10.0 percent of anti-aging component and the balance of filling agent. The nanogold soft film powder composition provided by the invention has high film-forming property; and through combined action of the nanogold and the anti-aging component, the anti-aging effect is achieved.

The invention relates to preparation of thermosensitive liposome co-loaded with hollow gold nanoparticles and tumor therapeutic agents and triple integration application thereof. The preparation is mainly prepared from dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), hollow gold nanoparticles and therapeutic agents. A preparation method of the preparation comprises the following steps: preparing thermosensitive liposome via a conventional method, coating the thermosensitive liposome with the hollow gold nanoparticles by using a film extrusion method, and then coating the thermosensitive liposome with the therapeutic agents. The preparation is capable of reducing toxic and side effects of systemic drug therapy and is also capable of achieving the triple integration therapy effect with combination of drug therapy, thermal therapy and radiation therapy; the tumor killing effect is improved.

The invention discloses a tetraphenyl ethylene based fluorescent compound as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. A structure of the fluorescent compound is represented as a formula (I). The fluorescent compound is prepared through steps as follows: tetraphenyl ethylene glycollic acid is taken as a raw material and subjected to condensation with glycerin monostearate, then an obtained reaction product reacts with succinic anhydride and subjected to ring opening, and the fluorescent compound is obtained. The fluorescent compound is composited with other phosphatidyl choline such as DPPC (dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine), DSPC (disaturated phosphatidylcholine) and DAPC (1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and DSPE-PEG2000 (distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-polyethylene glycol 2000) to form a temperature-sensitive fluorescent nanomaterial. The fluorescent nanomaterial comprises the raw materials in percentage by mass as follows: 5%-30% of a fluorescent compound I, 60%-90% of the phosphatidyl choline and 1%-10% of DSPE-PEG2000. Nanoparticles are ultrasonically formed with a filming-rehydration method, the average particle size is about 50 nm, and the obtained temperature-sensitive fluorescent nanomaterial has good temperature response performance and has potential application value in the field of drug release.

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating cirrhosis and a preparation method thereof. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation is prepared from, by weight, 3-5 parts of hirudo, 1-3 parts of Rhizoma curcumae, 10-20 parts of Pu-er raw tea, 5-10 parts of Radix morindae officinalis, 0.2-0.8 part of pig lung extract, 5-20 parts of kelp, 5-15 parts of root of Litsea glutinosa and 10-25 parts of fried hedgehog hide, wherein active ingredients of pig lung extract are one or multiple of phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidyl-inositol and sphingomyelin. The preparation method includes: subjecting raw materials to smashing, water extracting or supercritical CO2 extracting and mixing. A principle of regulating kidney, gallbladder and spleen at the same time is adopted, the traditional Chinese medicine preparation has efficacy of clearing heat for detoxification, soothing liver for choleresis, promoting diuresis to treat stranguria, calming liver to regulate qi, activating blood to remove stasis, strengthening heart to lower blood pressure, dispelling wind to stop pain and regulating immunity, is safe, reliable, free of toxic and side effect, short in treatment course, quick in action, low in cost, capable of treating both symptoms and root causes and worthy of wide popularization and application clinically.

The invention provides an adriamycin and gene medicine co-transporting nano medicine carrying system and a preparation method. The co-transporting nano medicine carrying system is TPGS modified cationic liposome for co-carrying adriamycin and gene medicine, wherein a membrane material of the cationic liposome is prepared from 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonio-propane or chlorate of the 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonio-propane, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, TPGS and cholesterol. The prepared co-transporting nano medicine carrying system disclosed by the invention has a higher adriamycin encapsulating efficiency, stability of the co-transporting nano liposome is improved; meanwhile, complete inhibition on a tumor cell efflux pump can be achieved by only adjusting a formula, the purposes of two drug resistance mechanisms of inhibiting tumor medicine efflux and resisting apopotosis are achieved at the same time, and tumor multidrug resistance can be more completely and more effectively reversed.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a photo-thermal reagent for fluorescence imaging mediated photo-thermal tumor treatment and an application of the photo-thermal reagent. The method comprises the steps of placing dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, hydrogenated soybean phospholipid, high-purity cholesterol, DSPE-PEG2000 and indocyanine green in a chloroform and methanol mixed solutionfor dissolving so as to obtain a thin lipid membrane; and performing hydration, ultrasonic treatment, extrusion and removal of dissociated indocyanine green and carbon dots on the thin lipid membranein an ammonium sulfate solution containing carbon dots, and performing hydration, ultrasonic treatment, extrusion and dialysis in the ammonium sulfate solution containing carbon dots so as to obtain thermal-sensitive liposome-indocyanine green-carbon dot composite nanometer particles. The composite nanometer particles have obvious absorption in the range from a visible light region to a near infrared region, have obvious cytotoxicity under laser illumination, can effectively remain at tumors in a targeting manner for a long time so as to effectively treat tumors, do not have obvious pathologiclosses on main organs, and have high safety and high efficiency.

Compositions and methods for making and using proliposomal and liposomal formulations of chemotherapeutic agents are disclosed. The proliposomal and liposomal formulations of chemotherapeutics, as well as medicaments and dosage forms that include such formulations, can be used with treatment regimens for bladder cancer and urothelial cancer. Hence, the formulations, medicaments, and dosage forms of the invention are suitable to treat bladder cancers by intravesical administration and to treat urothelial cancers. The formulations according to the invention include (a) a taxane (e.g., paclitaxel, docetaxel) or cisplatin, (b) a first phospholipid, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), and (c) a second phospholipid, dimyrsityl phosphatidyl glycerol sodium (DMPG). The proliposomal formulations form liposomes upon contact with an aqueous vehicle.

Synthetic pulmonary surfactant compositions comprising dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and essentially neutral lipid, and having essentially no 1-palmitoyl 2-oleoyl phosphatidylglycerol and essentially no palmitic acid are provided. Methods for treating respiratory disease are also provided comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a synthetic pulmonary surfactant comprising dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and essentially neutral lipid, and having essentially no 1-palmitoyl 2-oleoyl phosphatidylglycerol and essentially no palmitic acid.

The invention discloses a pitavastatin calcium lipid solid preparation and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing pitavastatin calcium lipid with excellent quality from pitavastatin calcium, DPPC (dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine), stearamide, octadecylamine and Tween 80 in a specific weight proportion; and preparing the pitavastatin calcium lipid into a solid preparation by a conventional preparation method. Compared with the existing preparation, the preparation disclosed by the invention has the advantages of greatly improved stability and bioavailability, enhanced quality, reduced toxic and side effects, smooth and stable drug release, and remarkable curative effect.

The invention relates to a composition, and in particular, relates to a bioactive sustained-release composition. The bioactive sustained-release composition comprises the raw materials: astaxanthin, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, aliphatic primary amine, deionized water and ethanol. The aliphatic primary amine is alkyl primary amine of C12-C18. According to the bioactive sustained-release composition provided by the invention, the high-concentration astaxanthin is wrapped in micelles formed by dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, aliphatic primary amine and the like, sothat the stability of the astaxanthin can be improved, and the effects of sun protection, acne removal, whitening, wrinkle resistance and aging resistance can be efficiently achieved for a long time;through the biological sustained-release composition provided by the invention, the astaxanthin is slowly released, and the problems that the high-concentration astaxanthin is in direct contact withthe skin to cause irritation to the skin and the like are prevented; in addition, by adding a certain amount of taurine salt surfactant, the slow release effect is promoted, the astaxanthin effect isfurther improved, and the astaxanthin composition can be applied to various skin care products and serves as an efficient active ingredient.

Synthetic pulmonary surfactant compositions comprising dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and essentially neutral lipid, and having essentially no 1-palmitoyl 2-oleoyl phosphatidylglycerol and essentially no palmitic acid are provided. Methods for treating respiratory disease are also provided comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a synthetic pulmonary surfactant comprising dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and essentially neutral lipid, and having essentially no 1-palmitoyl 2-oleoyl phosphatidylglycerol and essentially no palmitic acid.

The invention provides a method for artificially synthesizing phospholipid DPPC (dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine).The target product, DPPC, is synthesized from glyceryl phosphoryl choline and palmitic acid through condensation reaction.The method is simple in step, mild in reaction and suitable for industrial production.The prepared DPPC can be used for various medicines such as injection, tablets and capsules as a pharmaceutical adjuvant.

The invention relates to a method for preparation of ultrasound micro bubbles carrying docetaxel lipid, main chemical reagent used in the method are DPPC (dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine), DPPE (dipalmitoyl phosphoethanolamine), DSPA, cholesterol and PBS solution, and a novel and efficient drug administration route for the treatment of liver cancer is ultimately provided.

The present invention concerns a composition comprising micro particles of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly (I:C)) and a carrier polymer selected from starch, alginate, blanose or DPPC (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) for use in preventing and / or treating viral infections of the upper respiratory tract or the common cold and a device, preferably a nasal delivery system, comprising said composition for use by a patient in need to prevent and / or treat infections or the common cold.

The invention belongs to the technical field of a chemotherapeutic drug wrapped by a nano-carrier, and discloses a drug for treating solid malignant tumors and a preparation method. The drug for treating solid malignant tumors is the chemotherapeutic drug wrapped by the nano-carrier. The drug wrapped by the nano-carrier for wrapping the chemotherapeutic drug consists of a shell of the nano-carrier of a polylactic acid-glycollic acid copolymer and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. hyaluronic acid used for targeting a tumor cell factor CD44, a 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole-L-lactic acid as a thermal sensitizer, and Ptx paclitaxel; the molar ratio of the polylactic acid-glycollic acid copolymer to the dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine is (1: 3)-(1: 5); and 1 to 5 * 10 <-4> mmol / mL of the hyaluronic acid, 2 to 10 *10 <-5> mmol / mL of the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole-L-lactic acid, and 1 to 5 mg / mL of the Ptx. The microenvironment of tumors is effectively improved, interstitial fluid pressure of tumor tissue is reduced, and the drug resistance of the tumor tissue is reduced.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a double-drug-loading thermosensitive liposome and application thereof. Early diagnosis of tumors can be quickly realized, effective absorption of tumor cells to drugs is increased, the half-life period of the drugs in vivo is prolonged, and bioavailability of the drugs is improved. According to the technical scheme, the preparation method comprises the steps that dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, phospholipid polyethylene glycol-RGD peptide, 2-methoxyestradiol and indocyanine green are weighed in a round-bottom flask, then the mixture is dissolved in a mixed solution of chloroform and methanol to be subjected to ultrasonic dissolution, and a PBS solution is added in the round-bottom flask to be subjected to hydration treatment on a rotary evaporator at room temperature; finally, the double-drug-loading thermosensitive liposome is obtained after polycarbonate membrane extrusion. The preparation method of the double-drug-loading thermosensitive liposome is simple, production and preparation are easy, and the prepared liposome is good in stability, long in drug effect, high in cancer treatment targeting performance, small in adverse reaction, few in drug administration frequency, high in bioavailability and beneficial to being used by patients and is an innovation of the double-drug-loading thermosensitive liposome.

The invention provides a preparation method of a health-care food capable of dispelling effects of alcohol and protecting liver, which takes brown rice, soybeans, wheat germs and the like are used asraw materials, bacillus subtilis, acetobacter pasteurianus and candida utilis are used for two times of fermentation treatment to prepare a fermentation product, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, 1, 2-dioleoyl lecithin and phosphatidic acid are used for preparing lipidosome, and the lipidosome is used for inclusion of the fermentation product to obtain the product. The health-care food disclosed bythe invention can be used for directly supplementing the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, ensuring the activity of the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, promoting the conversion of acetaldehyde in the body, achieving a good hangover alleviating effect and avoiding the damage of drinking to the liver, and is particularly suitable for people lacking the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to eat as the health-care food.

The invention relates to the technical field of skin care products, in particular to a composition for regulating and controlling epidermal micro-ecological balance and application of the composition.The composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of pogostemon cablin leaf extract, 20 parts of plankton extract, 35 parts of inulin / alpha-glucan oligosaccharide, 35 parts of butanediol and 10 parts of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. The composition provided by the invention can be used for effectively regulating and controlling a microbial ecological barrier on the skin surface; tree ages of probiotics and harmful bacteria on epidermis are effectively controlled, and the skin problems of excessive skin grease, coarse pores, a large amount of acnes, skin inflammation and the like caused by mass propagation of harmful bacteria on epidermis, change of epidermis micro-ecology and promotion of sebaceous gland to secrete a large amount of grease are avoided. And the skin problem of volunteers with a large amount of grease secreting vigorously is effectively improved. In addition, the composition provided by the invention also has excellent heat-resistant stability and cold-resistant stability, and can be stored and used for a long time in a harsh environment.

The invention discloses a medicinal composition for treating pulmonary tuberculosis, and a preparation method and a use thereof. The medicinal composition is prepared from Radix Glehniae, Radix Stemonae, Anemone chinensis, Radix Ranunculi Ternati, Common Boxwood, Cortex Lycii, centipedes, Fagopyrum cymosum, Orange Sugarmustard, Metaplexis japonica (Thunb.) Makino, Human Placenta, Veronica peregrina L., Fritillaria cirrhosa, deerhorn glue, turtle shell, Hibiscus trionum, Poria cocos, Meconopsis punicea, oyster, tingli seed and pork lung extract; the pork lung extract is one or more of phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol and sphingomyelin; and the effective component of Common Boxwood is cycloprotobuxinamin. The medicinal composition adopting traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine combination has the efficacies of moistening lung and relieving coughs, clearing heat and eliminating inflammation, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, and eliminating swelling and relieving pains, and has the advantages of substantial pulmonary tuberculosis treatment effect, safety, reliability, no toxic or side effects, short treatment course, fast effectiveness, low cost, and reaching of the purpose of simultaneous treatment of principal and subordinate symptoms.

The invention discloses an oxygen-carrying phospholipid microcapsule, a preparation method thereof and application of the oxygen-carrying phospholipid microcapsule in preparation of an anti-hypoxia drug, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding myristoyl phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanole-polyethylene glycol 2000-triphenyl phosphate and an organic solvent into a container, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a clear solution; performing reduced pressure evaporation to remove the organic solvent, and adhering a layer of uniform and transparent faint yellow film on the inner wall of the container; carrying out vacuum drying, adding ultrapure water, hydrating in an ice bath to obtain phospholipid microcapsules, and putting the phospholipid microcapsules in the ice bath; adding perfluorohexane to obtain a mixed system, and performing ultrasonic dispersion until the mixed system is not layered to obtain an emulsion; and adding a freeze-drying protective agent, freeze-drying, storing at 4 DEG C, and redissolving and oxygenating before use to obtain the oxygen-carrying phospholipid microcapsule. The preparation method is simple and controllable, and raw materials and auxiliary materials are easy to obtain; the prepared oxygen-carrying phospholipid micro-capsule is uniform in particle size and good in stability and biocompatibility, oxygen can be supplemented to an organism in time, and the effect of treating diseases is achieved.