The invention discloses a preparing method of a flame retardant optical cable filler and relates to the technical field of communication materials. The filler includes guanidine sulfamate, mineral oil, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, phosphonitrilic chloride trimer, sodium hydroxide, thiourea, nylon, silica, epoxidized soybean oil, an impact modifier ACM, polyethylene wax, an anti-aging agent, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, vaseline, precipitated calcium carbonate, polybutylene, zinc carbonate, stearic acid, modified silica-thickened poly(alpha-olefin) and dibutyl ester. A preparing process of the filler is environmentally friendly, equipment used is simple, operation is simple, the preparing cost is low, and the prepared filler has high rheological and bending properties, high compressive strength and high mechanical protection performance, can avoid damage by outside environment and can effectively prolong the service lifetime of optical cables.