47results about How to "Increase oxygen evolution overpotential" patented technology

The invention relates to an organic wastewater treatment film reactor utilizing solar energy photo-assisted electro-catalysis, which comprises a storage tank of water to be processed, a flow controllable constant flow pump, a photoelectric chemical reactor, a clear water storage tank and a solar battery component, wherein a photo anode and a cathode are correspondingly arranged in the reactor; the photo anode takes a porous metal membrane as a base body, and a TiO2 nano tube or a TiO2 mesoporous membrane is formed on the surface of a porous titanium membrane (net) by an electrochemical anisotropic etching technology; a porous channel film is used as the base body; a metal oxide coating electrode with high electrochemical catalytic activity and high electrical conductivity is prepared by a dipping film-forming method, simultaneously, by doping and modifying operations, the electrode material has photo catalytic activity and the reaction efficiency is improved. The reactor integrates electrochemistry, photocatalysis and film separation technologies; the three technologies are coupled to enhance a synergistic effect; the wastewater treatment efficiency can be improved; a solar component is adopted as a power supply; the clean solar energy is utilized to the maximal degree, and the organic wastewater treatment film reactor has social benefits of reducing environment load and economic benefits of reducing cost.

An embodiment of the invention provides a device and a method for treating refractory wastewater by coupling an electrocatalytic membrane with a three-dimensional electrode. The device mainly comprises a Ti4O7 / Ti filter element anode, a water-permeable separation mesh, a graphite felt cathode, C@Fe3O4 particles, an aeration pipe and a current-stabilized and voltage-stabilized power supply; and the device is in the shape of a cylinder on the whole, the Ti4O7 / Ti filter element anode is fixed at the center of the bottom of the device and a layer of water-permeable separation mesh wraps the surface of the anode, the graphite felt cathode clings to the inner wall of the cylinder, the aeration pipe is placed at the bottom of the device and beside the graphite felt cathode, the C@Fe3O4 particles fill the space between the water-permeable separation mesh and the graphite felt cathode to form the three-dimensional electrode, the graphite felt cathode and the Ti4O7 / Ti filter element anode are connected with a negative electrode and a positive electrode of the current-stabilized and voltage-stabilized power supply, respectively, and organic matter in the wastewater is degraded by a constant-current operation mode. In the device and the method provided by the invention, the Ti4O7 / Ti filter element anode is coupled with the C@Fe3O4 three-dimensional electrode system to enhance the treatment effect on refractory pollutants, and through the synergistic effect of the cathode and the anode, the efficiency of the system for oxidizing pollutants is improved, and the energy consumption for wastewater treatment is reduced.

The battery consists of anode, diaphragm, electrolyte and cathode. The active material of the anode is composed of spherical Ni(OH)2 grains and oxide additive of transition metal. The active materialof the cathode is composed of the additive C60, BN or transition metal oxide and AB3 type hydrogen stored alloy. In formula AB3, A includes at least two elements among mixed rare earths Mm, Ca, Mg, Ti, and B includes at least three elements among Ni, Co, Mn, Cu and Al. spherical Ni (OH) 2 anode material with small expansion, high temperature resistant and high utilization ratio is prepared by using the crystal growth method of chemical deposition. The hydrogen stored alloy with high capacity, large hydrogen diffusion coefficient as well as antioxidant and anticorrosion, low self-discharge and long service life. The battery is suitable for large scale of production.

The invention discloses a method for coating the surface of nano-alpha-phase nickel hydroxide with CoOOH. The method is mainly characterized in that a precipitation conversion process is adopted to coat the surface of alpha-phase nickel hydroxide with a layer of CoOOH. The method obviously improves the conductive performance of the alpha-phase nickel hydroxide, and improves the electrode performance of nickel hydroxide, so the cell performances are obviously improved, for example, the specific capacity and the output power are improved, the large-rate discharge capability and the charge and discharge cycle performance are improved, and the oxygen evolution over-potential and the discharge plateau are improved. The discharge capacity of the cobalt coated nickel hydroxide prepared in the invention is high to 386mAh / g.

The invention discloses a current collector of a lead-acid storage battery. The current collector comprises a base body and a coating layer for coating the exterior of the base body; the material of the base body comprises one or more kinds of metal or metal alloy, carbon nanotubes and graphene, wherein the conductivity of the metal or metal alloy is higher than that of metallic titanium; and the material of the coating layer comprises one or more kinds of a non-metallic titanium compound, SnO<2> and a SnO<2> composite material. A composite material is adopted to form the current collector of the lead-acid storage battery disclosed by the invention; compared with the existing pure lead or lead alloy grid, the current collector has the advantages of low material apparent density, strong conductivity, high mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, high hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution overpotential and the like; and in addition, the gravimetric specific energy, gravimetric specific power, cycle life, passivation resistance, electrolyte retention and the like of the lead-acid storage battery can be effectively improved.

The invention belongs to the field of metallurgy, and relates to a lead-antimony rare-earth positive grid alloy and a preparation method thereof. The alloy comprises the following metal elements in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 1 percent of antimony, 0.005 to 0.1 percent of lanthanum, 0.005 to 0.1 percent of samarium, and the balance of lead. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing lead-lanthanum and lead-samarium alloy as master alloys; adding pure antimony into molten lead, stirring until the pure antimony is completely molten; and adding the lead-lanthanum and lead-samarium master alloys to perform mixed melting to prepare the lead-antimony rare-earth positive grid alloy. Grains of the prepared alloy become fine, uniform and regular, so that the comprehensive mechanical performance of the alloy can be improved, the impedance of an oxide film can be reduced, and the charge and discharge acceptance and deep cycle performance of a storage battery can be improved. Meanwhile, rare-earth element serves as an additive to prepare the lead-antimony grid alloy, arsenic, cadmium and other elements harming the environment and workers on the forefront of production severely are not contained. Therefore, lead alloy pollution can be reduced furthest.

The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a lead-carbon positive grid for a lead-acid storage battery. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: putting a proper amount of saw dust into a muffle furnace to carbonize, taking the carbonized saw dust out, and grinding the saw dust to obtain active carbon; adding the obtained active carbon and a proper quantity of PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) bonding agent into a ball milling tank to prepare carbon slurry; adding copper blocks, calcium and aluminum blocks into a conventional vacuum induction furnace, and stirring the copper blocks, calcium and aluminum blocks uniformly to obtain copper-calcium-aluminum alloy liquid; stirring the copper-calcium-aluminum alloy liquid in a high-temperature smelting furnace, adding lead, tin and selenium in sequence, and stirring the materials till the materials are mixed uniformly to obtain a lead alloy; and pouring a half of the mixed lead alloy into a mold groove, injecting the obtained carbon slurry at a uniform speed along the middle line of the mold groove, injecting the remaining lead alloy along both sides of the mold groove at the same time, and performing cooling to obtain the lead-carbon positive grid. The obtained grid has the advantages of light mass, high weight specific energy, low production cost, high corrosion resistance and high oxygen evolution over-potential, so that the cycle life of the lead-acid storage battery is long.

The invention relates to a mixed additive for electrolyzing acid etching waste liquid to prepare copper powder and a preparation method of the copper powder. Per liter of a mixed additive aqueous solution comprises the following components: 0-30mg gelatin, 10-40mg oleic acid, 0-50mg sodium hexametaphosphate, 10-70mg hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 20-60mg citric acid and 10-40mg ammonium chloride. With the adoption of the mixed additive for electrolysis copper deposition treatment on the etching waste liquid, the superfine copper powder having high added value can be prepared, and recycling of the etching waste liquid is realized. A titanium base oxygen evolution electrode is taken as an electrolytic anode, and no chlorine is liberated during electrolytic regeneration, so that the recycling of the etching waste liquid is realized, and no harm to the environment is caused.

The invention provides an aqueous hybrid supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof, belongs to the technical field of energy and power electronic components, and aims at solving the problems that an existing aqueous hybrid supercapacitor is heavy and complicated in structure and the preparation method is fussy. The aqueous hybrid supercapacitor comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a membrane between the positive plate and the negative plate and an electrolyte, wherein the positive plate is a nickel foam plate or an aluminum foil plate coated with a mixture of a lithium-containing composite metal oxide LiMxOy, a conductive agent, a binder and an oxygen inhibiting additive; the negative plate is the nickel foam plate, copper foil or a tinned steel mesh coated with another mixture of activated carbon, the conductive agent, the binder and the oxygen inhibiting additive; the membrane is a modified non-woven fabric membrane; the electrolyte is a lithium-containing neutral aqueous solution and a conductive support electrolyte; and the conductive support electrolyte is a potassium ion-containing neutral aqueous solution. The structure and the components of the aqueous hybrid supercapacitor are simple and practical; and the preparation method is simple and easy, and is suitable for preparation of the aqueous hybrid supercapacitor.

The invention belongs to the field of electrochemistry, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an advanced oxidation system for treating oily sludge. The method comprises the following steps of S1, titanium substrate cleaning, wherein a titanium substrate is put into degreasing liquid and taken out for cleaning; S2, etching, wherein the titanium substrate is put into 2-10 wt% of an oxalic acid solution, heating is conducted to reach 80-100 DEG C, and heat preservation is conducted for 30-240 minutes; S3, coating liquid preparation, wherein nitrate and / or metal chloride are mixed in proportion and then put into an organic solvent, ultrasonic dissolution is conducted, and the coating liquid is obtained; S4, coating, wherein the coating liquid is uniformly applied to the surfaceof the titanium substrate treated in step S2, and then the coated titanium substrate is baked at 80-120 DEG C for 90 minutes, the baked titanium substrate is calcined at 350-550 DEG C for 30-120 minutes, and cooling is conducted; S5, titanium black spraying, wherein in a protective atmosphere, titanium black powder is sprayed to the titanium substrate treated in step 4 through plasma spraying; S6,system construction. Accordingly, the treatment effect of the oily sludge is improved.

The invention discloses electroplating liquid for preparing lead dioxide electrodes and application thereof. The electroplating liquid is prepared from the following ingredients by volume: lead acetate which is the main ingredient and is calculated by basing on 250-280g / L of Pb(CH3COO)2.3H2O by weight, 15-20g / L of sulfamic acid serving as acidity regulator, 0.5-3g / L of sodium fluoride electroplating liquid serving as additive, 6-8ml / L of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion serving as electroplate liquid additive and the allowance of deionized water. The materials of the electroplating liquid are easy to obtain, and the electroplating liquid has little acid corrosion and is simple to electroplate. When the electroplating liquid is used for preparing a lead dioxide electrode, the coating is smooth and compact and has good binding force, good intrinsic stability, long service life and good catalytic activity and is high in organic matter degradation efficiency.

The invention discloses a high-temperature compound additive for nickel-base dischargeable batteries and aims at solving the technical problem of improving the transformation efficiency of the ting-current charging of the batteries in high temperature. The high-temperature compound additive for nickel-base dischargeable batteries of the invention comprises the quality group that in the simple substance or the compounds of the rare earth elements, the simple substance or the compounds of the IVB group elements and the simple substance and the compounds of the IIA group elements, one substance in any of the two groups / classes occupies the portion of 0.1-10, and the nickel hydroxide occupies 100 portions. Compared with the prior art, by adding the composite high-temperature additive, the invention has the advantages that the invention greatly reduces the transformation potential of the positive active material and improves the over-potential for oxygen evolution, which improves the transformation efficiency of ting-current charging in high temperature by 20 percent to 50 percent, realizes the normal use of batteries in the environment of 80 DEG C and widens the application field of the batteries, and that the manufacturing processes, the structure of the batteries coincide with traditional nickel-hydrogen batteries, and the operation is simple.

The invention discloses a novel commercial vehicle lead-acid storage battery with a long service life. The storage battery comprises a storage battery groove, a storage battery cover, a safety valve,pole groups and an electrolyte. Two glue remaining grooves are arranged in a bottom of an inner cavity of each grid of the storage battery groove. When the storage battery is assembled, a first hot melt glue is injected into the glue remaining grooves firstly, then the pole groups are installed, and each pole group is fixed to the bottom of the storage battery groove through the first hot melt glue; each pole group comprises a negative plate, an AGM partition plate, a positive plate, a busbar and a pole column; assembly pressure of each pole group is 35-45 kPa, two second hot melt glues are added to an upper part of each pole group; and the negative plate, the AGM partition plate and the positive plate are fixed by the second hot melt glues, and the electrolyte is adsorbed in the negativeplate, the AGM partition plate and the positive plate. The hot melt glue is used for bonding each pole group in the storage battery groove, and the hot melt glue added at the upper part of each pole group is used for fixing the positive plate, the negative plate and the AGM partition plate so that up-and-down movement between pole plates in a vibration process of the storage battery is prevented,and vibration resistance of the storage battery is enhanced.

The invention belongs to the field of electrode preparation, and particularly relates to a Ti-based iridic oxide coating electrode and a preparation method thereof. The Ti-based iridic oxide coating electrode sequentially comprises a titanium substrate, a supporting substrate layer, an active layer A, an active layer B and a capping layer from bottom to top. The supporting substrate layer is a conductive thin film layer. The active layer A is an IrO2-SnO2 layer. The active layer B is an IrO2-TaO2 layer. The capping layer is a tantalum chloride layer. The content of iridium in each square meterof the IrO2-SnO2 layer is 2-4g. The content of iridium in each square meter of the IrO2-TaO2 layer is 2-4g. The preparation technology of the electrode is simple, operation is convenient, and composite cost is low. The prepared electrode fully plays the catalytic effect of iridium oxide, the electrode can achieve good stability under the action of the thin supporting substrate layer and the top protection layer, the service life is long, a base body titanium material can be used repeatedly, and the Ti-based iridic oxide coating electrode can operate under the high-temperature and high electric current density conditions.

The invention discloses a titanium-based positive electrode with a high oxygen evolution overpotential and a preparing method thereof. A Cu-doped SnO2 film layer and a titanium substrate are arranged in the electrode from outside to inside. According to the preparing method, the titanium substrate which is subjected to decontamination and TiO2 removal treatment and is in any geometrical shape is coated with a precursor solution containing Sn and Cu, and high-temperature annealing is carried out to form the titanium-based Cu-doped SnO2 positive electrode. By means of Cu element doping, physical and chemical properties of a SnO2 film are changed, and the high oxygen evolution potential of the positive electrode exceeds 2.6 V (vs NHE).

The invention provides a device and method for detecting ascorbic acid through dual-wavelength. The device comprises a dual-wavelength light source, a detection cell, a light valve, a three-electrode system, a camera bellows and an electrochemical workstation. A photosensitive electrode, a reference electrode, a platinum electrode and a to-be-tested solution are placed in the detection cell, and the purpose of detecting ascorbic acid is achieved by detecting light current in a loop under the dual-wavelength condition. According to the device and method for detecting ascorbic acid through dual-wavelength, on the basis that existing operating conditions are not changed, 254 mm and 365 mm light sources are used as exciting light respectively, the ascorbic acid is detected through two different electrode reactions, and detection accuracy and reliability are improved.

The invention belongs to the field of electrochemistry, and particularly relates to a titanium sub-oxide multi-dimensional coated titanium electrode. The electrode comprises a titanium substrate and a metal oxide, and the metal oxide is attached to the titanium substrate. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1, performing treatment on the titanium substrate: treating the titanium substrate to form a pitted surface and remove attachments; step 2, preparing a coating liquid: throwing a nitrate or / and a metal chloride, or / and butyl titanate into an organic solution, and performing dissolution to obtain a coating liquid A; and adding the titanium sub-oxide into the coating liquid A to obtain a coating liquid B; step 3, performing one-time brush coating: uniformly coating the surface of the titanium substrate by the coating liquid B, performing baking for 10-90 min at 80-150 DEG C, performing calcination for 30-120 min at 350-550 DEG C, and performing cooling, wherein the amount of the coating liquid B coating the titanium substrate is 10-40 mL / m<2>; and step 4, repeating the brush coating: repeating the step 3 for 10-30 times to obtain the electrode. According to the method provided by the invention, the titanium electrode obtained by the method has the advantages of good chemical stability, good electrical conductivity and high oxygen evolution overpotential.

The invention relates to a mixed additive for electrolyzing alkaline etching waste fluid, and a method for preparing copper powder with the mixed additive. Every litre of the aqueous solution of the mixed additive comprises the following components of 10 mg to 40 mg of urea, 0 mg to 30 mg of sodium hexametaphosphate, 0 mg to 30 mg of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 10 mg to 50 mg of citrate, 10 mg to 70 mg of methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride, and 10 mg to 30 mg of triethanolamine. The mixed additive is adopted for carrying out electrolysis copper deposition treatment on the alkaline etching waste fluid, superfine copper powder with high additional value can be prepared, and recycling of the etching fluid is realized. Because a chlorine inhibition and oxygen evolution electrode is adopted as the electrolysis anode, no chlorine is separated out in the process of electrolysis regeneration, and no damage is caused to the environment while beneficial reuse of the etching waste fluid is realized.

The invention relates to a method for recovering phosphoric acid by electrolyzing a mixed acid solution, belonging to the field of resource recovery. The method comprises the following steps: puttingthe mixed acid solution into a product tank, wherein the mixed acid solution comprises phosphoric acid, oxyacid and organic acid; and inputting the mixed acid solution in the product tank into an electrolytic cell for cyclic electrolysis, reducing the oxyacid at the cathode of the electrolytic cell, oxidizing the organic acid at the anode of the electrolytic cell, and collecting gas generated in the cyclic electrolysis process through a gas collecting device so as to recover phosphoric acid in the mixed acid solution. The oxyacid is preferably nitric acid, nitrous acid, perchloric acid or hypochlorous acid, and the organic acid is preferably acetic acid, oxalic acid or propionic acid. According to the invention, phosphoric acid recovered through electrolysis can reach 99% or above, the technological process of treatment is simple, environmental pollution caused by direct discharge of waste acid liquid can be avoided, the additional value of products is high, and good economic benefitsand environmental benefits are achieved.

The invention discloses a negative electrode compound used for preparing a lead-carbon battery. The negative electrode compound mainly comprises lead powder, water and sulfuric acid and is characterized by further comprising carbon powder and lithium vanadate. The negative electrode compound has the advantage of being strong in vulcanization resistance, low in capacity attenuation and good in low temperature starting performance; meanwhile, the lead-carbon battery provided by the invention has the advantage of being high in output voltage, better in low temperature resistance, good in deep discharge performance and capable of avoiding expansion and sulfation, thereby being practical.

The invention discloses a PbCaSnAlCeAg grid alloy. The alloy is prepared from the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.06 to 0.07 percent of calcium, 1.2 to 1.3 percent of tin, 0.01to 0.02 percent of aluminum, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of cerium, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of silver and the balance of lead. According to the PbCaSnAlCeAg grid alloy disclosed by the invention, rare earth elements Ce and Ag are simultaneously added into the PbCaSnAlCeAg alloy; alloy grains are fine and uniform; an alloy grain boundary is purified and intercrystalline deep corrosion is prevented, so that corrosion resistance of a lead-calcium alloy is improved; more importantly, a corrosion product can be dense and is not easy to fall off, so that adhesive power between the corrosion product and the grid alloy is improved, loosening and falling of the corrosion product are prevented, and the conductivity of a corrosive film on the surface of the lead-calcium alloy is improved.

The invention provides a carbon nanotube modified lead dioxide electrode as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of electrochemistry. The carbon nanotubes with rich functional characteristics are introduced into the active layer of the lead dioxide electrode, so that the specific surface area, the electrocatalytic oxidation activity and the service life of the electrode are prolonged, and the electrode is applied to the field of electrocatalytic degradation of medical wastewater for the first time. Results of the embodiment show that when the carbon nanotube-modified lead dioxide electrode provided by the invention is applied to medical wastewater, the total organic carbon removal rate reaches 90% or above, and the antibiotic removal rate reaches 95% or above.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a high-activity stable anode material. The method comprises the following steps: 1) pretreating an anode matrix; 2) preparing a coating solution, wherein the coating solution comprises Sb ions, Sn ions and hydroxyl imidazole ionic liquid; and 3) uniformly brushing the prepared coating solution on the surface of the pretreated anode matrix, heating to volatilize the surface solvent, then carrying out thermal oxidation at 300-400 DEG C, and cooling to obtain the high-activity stable anode material. On the basis of a coating thermal decomposition method, a high-activity stable anode material is prepared through a high-performance ionic liquid modified SnO2 electrode, Sb and imidazole ionic liquid are adopted for doping modification, the obtained anode electrode shows excellent electrochemical performance and high OH free radical generation capacity, the anode electrode is applied to oxidative degradation of coking wastewater, and the electrochemical performance of the anode electrode is greatly improved. Good electrooxidation degradation performance is shown.

A process for the modification of activated charcoal material for the use of super capacitor negative electrode, wherein a nanometer level lead phosphate or lead cobalt modification layer is first formed in the activated charcoal micropore, After modification, the capacity of the active compound is increased, the electrochemical window is expanded by about 200 mV, thus improving the weight ratio energy capacity of the charcoal group super capacitor. íí

An embodiment of the invention provides a device and a method for treating refractory wastewater by coupling an electrocatalytic membrane with a three-dimensional electrode. The device mainly comprises a Ti4O7 / Ti filter element anode, a water-permeable separation mesh, a graphite felt cathode, C@Fe3O4 particles, an aeration pipe and a current-stabilized and voltage-stabilized power supply; and the device is in the shape of a cylinder on the whole, the Ti4O7 / Ti filter element anode is fixed at the center of the bottom of the device and a layer of water-permeable separation mesh wraps the surface of the anode, the graphite felt cathode clings to the inner wall of the cylinder, the aeration pipe is placed at the bottom of the device and beside the graphite felt cathode, the C@Fe3O4 particles fill the space between the water-permeable separation mesh and the graphite felt cathode to form the three-dimensional electrode, the graphite felt cathode and the Ti4O7 / Ti filter element anode are connected with a negative electrode and a positive electrode of the current-stabilized and voltage-stabilized power supply, respectively, and organic matter in the wastewater is degraded by a constant-current operation mode. In the device and the method provided by the invention, the Ti4O7 / Ti filter element anode is coupled with the C@Fe3O4 three-dimensional electrode system to enhance the treatment effect on refractory pollutants, and through the synergistic effect of the cathode and the anode, the efficiency of the system for oxidizing pollutants is improved, and the energy consumption for wastewater treatment is reduced.

The invention discloses electroplating liquid for preparing lead dioxide electrodes and application thereof. The electroplating liquid is prepared from the following ingredients by volume: lead acetate which is the main ingredient and is calculated by basing on 250-280g / L of Pb(CH3COO)2.3H2O by weight, 15-20g / L of sulfamic acid serving as acidity regulator, 0.5-3g / L of sodium fluoride electroplating liquid serving as additive, 6-8ml / L of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion serving as electroplate liquid additive and the allowance of deionized water. The materials of the electroplating liquid areeasy to obtain, and the electroplating liquid has little acid corrosion and is simple to electroplate. When the electroplating liquid is used for preparing a lead dioxide electrode, the coating is smooth and compact and has good binding force, good intrinsic stability, long service life and good catalytic activity and is high in organic matter degradation efficiency.

This invention refers to cobalt hydroxide and preparation thereof, which is used to be coated on the surface of spherical nickel hydroxide of alkaline cell, wherein the cobalt is 1.0-10 % of total weight, the spherical nickel hydroxide contains 0-10 % of co-sinks of Co, Zn or hydroxide of Co and Zd. The preparation contains surface covering, filtering, washing, dewatering and drying. The spherical nickel hydroxide is oxidized to cobalt hydroxide with high conductivity in charge process, which effectively improves the conductivity of active substance, raises the availability of active substance, increases cell capacity, discharge capacity, reduces cell internal resistance, increases cycle service life and greatly raises the quality of cell positive active substance.