119 results about "Smart hydrogels" patented technology

Capture particles for harvesting analytes from solution and methods for using them are described. The capture particles are made up of a polymeric matrix having pore size that allows for the analytes to enter the capture particles. The pore size of the capture particles may be changeable upon application of a stimulus to the particles, allowing the pore size of the particles to be changed so that analytes of interest remain sequestered inside the particles. The polymeric matrix of the capture particles may be made of co-polymeric materials having a structural monomer and an affinity monomer, the affinity monomer having properties that attract the analyte to the capture particle. The capture particles may be used to isolate and identify analytes present in a mixture. They may also be used to protect analytes which are typically subject to degradation upon harvesting and to concentrate low an analyte in low abundance in a fluid.

The invention discloses an intelligent hydrogel as well as a preparation method and an application thereof and a hydrogel. The intelligent hydrogel is P(NIPAM-co-CS) / Fe3O4 and comprises iron oxide, N-isopropyl acrylamide and chitosan. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving FeCl2.4H2O and FeCl3.6H2O in a mixed solvent of ethanol and water and reacting to prepare hydrophilic Fe3O4 nanoparticles under the protection of nitrogen and by adopting ammonia water as a precipitating agent; ultrasonically dispersing the prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles in a chitosan liquid, adding a temperature-sensitive monomer N-isopropyl acrylamide and in the presence of a crosslinking agent and an initiator and by adopting tetramethylethylenediamine as an accelerator, carrying out polymerization reaction to prepare the intelligent hydrogel P(NIPAM-co-CS) / Fe3O4 by virtue of a micro-emulsion polymerization method. The intelligent hydrogel can be applied in the preparation of a water body heavy metal ion adsorption-desorption agent for removing heavy metal ions in water body.

The invention discloses a temperature-sensitive and photosensitive dual-response polypeptide based host-guest composite intelligent hydrogel and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving a graft polymer PELG-g-(PNIPAM / beta-CD) modified by poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and beta-cyclodextrin together and second generation dendritic molecules (Me-G2-Azo) modified by azobenzene into water, and mixing to prepare a sol. The temperature-sensitive and photosensitive dual-response polypeptide based host-guest composite intelligent hydrogel disclosed by the invention has stimulation response properties to temperature and light, is easy to prepare, and has wide application prospects in the fields of temperature control and optical control switches, temperature control and optical control motors and temperature control and optical control medicament release.

The invention discloses a glycine betaine ester intelligent hydrogel relatively controllable in structure and a preparation method and application. The glycine betaine ester intelligent hydrogel relatively controllable in structure comprises, by weight, 0.2-0.9 part of carboxylic acid glycine betaine esters, 0.3-1 part of N- isopropyl acrylamide, 0.005-0.01part of initiators, 0.03-0.07 part of cross-linking agents, 0.01 part of reversible additive fragment transfer (RAFT) reagents and 5-9 parts of solvents. Solution polymerization or emulsion polymerization is carried out by means of an RAFT free radical polymerization method. An obtained glycine betaine ester intelligent hydrogel which is relatively controllable in structure and molecular weight has the good performance of sterilization, self-cleaning, soil release and the like. The glycine betaine ester intelligent hydrogel can be applied to a controllable drug sustained-release system and artificial cartilages, implantable biological materials of internal biosensors, and the like.

The invention belongs to the fields of intelligent high-molecular material and preparation method thereof, and discloses a semi-interpenetrating intelligent hydrogel and a preparation method and an application thereof. With N-isopropyl acrylamide and acrylamide as polymerization monomers and with polyethylene glycol diacrylate and polycaprolactone diacrylate as crosslinking agents, the semi-interpenetrating intelligent hydrogel is obtained by carrying out a crosslinking polymerization reaction under initiation of azobisisobutyronitrile. The obtained intelligent hydrogel allows semi-interpenetrating hydrophilic channels for communicating the gel interior and the gel surface to be formed through acrylamide auto-polymerization and copolymerization, so that the response speed of the intelligent hydrogel is further improved. The obtained semi-interpenetrating hydrogel can be used for preparing drug loading and releasing materials in the biomedical field.

The invention discloses a near-infrared-light-responsive intelligent aquagel bionic arm and a preparation method thereof. The aquagel bionic arm is formed by connecting three aquagels with different functions by in-situ free-radical polymerization, wherein the three aquagels are respectively a I-extension section, a II-contraction section and a III-grabbing section. The aquagel bionic arm can capture the target object under the action of viscosity or magnetism. The intelligent aquagel bionic arm can implement the bionic actions of extension, object capturing and retrieval under the irradiation of near-infrared light. The preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively dispersing the three aquagel components in water, adding an initiator, adding the three aquagels into a mold according to the sequence of I-II-III or III-II-I, sealing, and reacting in a 10-25-DEG C environment for 12-48 hours to obtain the near-infrared-light-responsive intelligent aquagel bionic arm.

The invention belongs to the technical field of functional materials and particularly relates to intelligent aerogel with dual responses and adjustable response behaviors and a preparation method thereof. Transition metal disulfide compound powder is ultrasonically stripped through a natural polymer water phase, a nanosheet layer of a polymer non-covalent bond modified transition metal disulfide compound is obtained, temperature-sensitive monomers and other comonomers and crosslinking agents are added to further prepare the composite aerogel of the disulfide compound nanosheet layer. The composite aerogel has excellent mechanical performance and has dual response characteristics of the far infrared response and the temperature response, and the response behaviors can be customized and adjusted. The related raw materials are natural polymers and other non-toxic and harmless reagents, water serves as an adopted solvent, the preparation process is environmentally friendly and free of pollution, operation is easy and convenient, the production cost is low, the intelligent aerogel is expected to be industrially produced on a large scale, and the prepared intelligent aerogel has multiple functions and has potential for large-scale preparation and wide commercial application prospects.

The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent aquagels, and discloses an intelligent aquagel based on cyclodextrin functional groups, and a preparation method and application thereof. The intelligent aquagel based on cyclodextrin functional groups is prepared by carrying out crosslinking polymerization reaction on previously prepared double-bond modified cyclodextrin and N-isopropyl acrylamide as polymerizable monomers by using N,N- methylene-bis-acrylamide, polyethyleneglycol bis(methyl)acrylate or polycaprolac-bis(methyl)acrylate as a crosslinking agent under the initiation of azodiisobutyl cyanogen. The cyclodextrin functional components containing special cavity structure are introduced to improve the swelling and deswelling dynamics of the aquagel, so that the response speed of the prepared aquagel is obviously enhanced. The aquagel can be used in the fields of drug controlled release and other biomedicines.

The invention discloses an intelligent aquagel making method to move in the electric field directionally, which comprises the following steps: reacting monomer acrylic acid, acrylamide, N,N-methylene diacrylamide as crosslinking agent, ammonium peroxodisulfate as initiator, N,N,N',N' -tetramethyl ethanediamine as catalyst and water as solvent under 40-60 deg. c for 12-48h protected by nitrogen; forming double-layer aquagel of polyacrylic acid and polyacrylamide; making the aquagel with electric field response and specific structure to move directionally in the electric field.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an oxidized bacterial cellulose solution, and belongs to the field of dissolution of bacterial cellulose. The preparation method comprises the followingsteps: purifying, crushing, homogenizing and performing ultrasonic treatment to bacterial cellulose, then oxidizing by a mixed oxidizing system of TEMPO / NaBr / NaClO, then washing, performing dry crushing or dewatering to obtain oxidized bacterial cellulose powder or an oxidized bacterial cellulose slurry, dissolving the oxidized bacterial cellulose powder or the oxidized bacterial cellulose slurryby using an aqueous alkaline dissolving agent solution, then standing at a low temperature for freezing, and thawing to obtain the transparent oxidized bacterial cellulose solution. The preparation method is simple and easy to implement, a technology is easy to control, the reagent dosage is relatively low, and the cost is saved; by the preparation method, the cellulose can be effectively dissolved to directly obtain the oxidized bacterial cellulose solution; the oxidized bacterial cellulose solution can be widely applied to the field of packaging, biomedical materials, intelligent hydrogels,membrane preparation, preparation of specially-shaped hydrogels and the like, so that the application field of the bacterial cellulose is widened.

The invention discloses an intelligent hydrogel material resistance reducing system of a sandwich structure, and belongs to the technical field of surface resistance reduction. The intelligent hydrogel material resistance reducing system is composed of PAAm hydrogel I, PNIPAM hydrogel, an ultra-fine heating net and PAAm hydrogel II. The cross section of the PNIPAM hydrogel is a combined body of a long-strip-shaped bottom face and an interval triangular upper face. The ultra-fine heating net is fixedly connected into the long-strip-shaped bottom face of the PNIPAM hydrogel, and the distance h2 between the bottom edge o the ultra-fine heating net and the bottom edge of the long-strip-shaped bottom face in the PNIPAM hydrogel ranges from 5 microns to 10 microns. The PAAm hydrogel I and the PAAm hydrogel II are applied to the upper surface and the lower surface of the PNIPAM hydrogel correspondingly. The end a and the end b of the ultra-fine heating net are provided with a positive electrode and a negative electrode correspondingly. Through the resistance reducing surface fluid-solid face microstructure and the ultra-fine heating net in the resistance reducing surface fluid-solid face microstructure, temperature control is achieved, accordingly, the microstructure form size can be changed, a navigation body adapts to changes of flow field structures of different work conditions, and the navigation speed and the voyage are increased.

Capture particles for harvesting analytes from solution and methods for using them are described. The capture particles are made up of a polymeric matrix having pore size that allows for the analytes to enter the capture particles. The pore size of the capture particles are changeable upon application of a stimulus to the particles, allowing the pore size of the particles to be changed so that analytes of interest remain sequestered inside the particles. The polymeric matrix of the capture particles are made of co-polymeric materials having a structural monomer and an affinity monomer, the affinity monomer having properties that attract the analyte to the capture particle. The capture particles may be used to isolate and identify analytes present in a mixture. They may also be used to protect analytes which are typically subject to degradation upon harvesting and to concentrate low an analyte in low abundance in a fluid.

The invention discloses a processing method for intelligent hydrogel using starch nano-particles as a framework, and belongs to the technical field of nutritional and healthy foods. The intelligent hydrogel having a spatial network structure is obtained by using the transnucleosidation chain extension-sugar chain entanglement reaction of skeleton water-soluble starch nano-particles as the framework. The product is the intelligent starch-based hydrogel having the advantages of good rehydration, good biocompatibility, strong gel strength, irreversible enzymatic response, reversible pH response and carrying of multi-nutrient factors. The hydrogel can realize the protection and controlled release of food function factors, and can be applied to fields of foods, biopharmaceuticals, functional materials and the like.

A temperature sensor of photonic crystal and a preparation method of the temperature sensor relate to a simple sensor and a preparation method of the sensor. The temperature sensor aims at solving the problems that a sensor existing in the prior art can only transmit signals without the ability of regulating or reacting upon output signal. The temperature sensor is composed of a composition of hydrogel and monodispersed microballoon. The method comprises a step of growing gelatin on the photonic crystal through a in-situ polymerization to gain the photonic crystal or a intelligent hydrogel compound system and product is made as a lump or coated on the a basement so that the temperature sensor is obtained. The temperature sensor has the advantages of not only displaying effectively and quickly temperature situation of detected area but also responding to a temperature field. Heating rate can be slowed effectively and the temperature of the detected area can even be lowered by adjusting and controlling incident intensity.

The invention discloses an intelligent hydroxybutyl chitosan hydrogel stent based on the 3D printing technology and a preparation method of the intelligent hydroxybutyl chitosan hydrogel stent based on the 3D printing technology. The intelligent hydrogel, thermo-sensitive hydroxybutyl chitosan, which is of a single system and has high responsiveness to temperature and ion strength is adopted, the feature that sol-gel phase change is caused by the temperature and the ion strength of the thermo-sensitive hydroxybutyl chitosan is utilized, and the formed hydrogel stent is obtained through adjustment and control over the temperature and 3D printing parameters; then, through inorganic-salt-induced phase change, the hydrogel stent is evenly shrunk, and the mechanical strength and the precision of the hydrogel stent are further improved. The intelligent hydroxybutyl chitosan hydrogel stent based on the 3D printing technology overcomes the defects that 3D printing hydrogel is generally poor in formability, low in mechanical strength, low in precision and the like. Compared with existing common methods of adopting photosensitizer, complex-system hydrogel and the like, the intelligent hydroxybutyl chitosan hydrogel stent based on the 3D printing technology does not need introducing of any photosensitizer or cross-linking agent, is simple in system and gentle in technology; and the prepared 3D stent has high mechanical strength and is provided with a precise internal structure, and the prepared 3D stent can be widely applied to tissue engineering and tissue repair of the cartilage, the skin, the vessel, the nerve, the myocardium and the like.

The invention discloses an intelligent hydrogel synthesized from composite cross-linking agents, a preparation method of the intelligent hydrogel and an application of the intelligent hydrogel, and belongs to the field of preparation of the intelligent polymer hydrogel. The method provided by the invention is a method for preparing the intelligent thermo-sensitive N-isopropyl acrylamide hydrogel synthesized by polyethylene glycol diacrylate and polycaprolactone diacrylate as the composite cross-linking agents. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the three steps: 1, preparing a polyethylene glycol macromolecule cross-linking agent; 2, preparing a polycaprolactone macromolecule cross-linking agent; and 3, preparing the thermo-sensitive N-isopropyl acrylamide hydrogel by taking the polyethylene glycol diacrylate and the polycaprolactone diacrylate as the composite cross-linking agent. The prepared N-isopropyl acrylamide hydrogel is good in mechanical strength, relatively high in response speed and good in biological capability, is degradable, and is expected to be used in the field of controlled release of drugs.

The invention discloses ethylenediamine tetraacetic anhydride (EDTAh)-based hydrogel material. Firstly, ethylenediamine tetraacetic anhydride EDTAh reacts with diamine DA through amidation reaction to generate an EDTAh-DA linear chain copolymer, namely, pEDTAh-DA, then intramolecular dehydration is performed to pEDTAh-DA in a heated condition to generate copolymer containing poly-imide, namely, EDTAh-DA-Imide, and finally, EDTAh-DA-Imide reacts with a crosslinking agent to generate a cross linking product with pH sensibility. The hydrogel has good biological compatibility, biodegradability and pH sensibility, and is expected to become novel intelligent hydrogel medicine release material.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a near infrared light driving 4D intelligent deformation material. The near infrared light driving 4D intelligent deformation material with near infrared light response anisotropy in spatial dimension is prepared through in-situ radical polymerization by taking mold forming as a preparation method, N-isopropylacrylamide type intelligent hydrogel as amain body material and graphene oxide as a photothermal conversion agent. The near infrared light driving 4D intelligent deformation material prepared by the method has high interface bonding strength, high response speed, high mechanical strength and long service life, and is low in production cost, convenient to process and manufacture and wide in application range; and a new effective method for solving the actual application problem of the near infrared light driving 4D intelligent deformation material is provided.

The invention relates to a self-repairing antibacterial chitosan hydrogel and a preparation method thereof, the self-repairing antibacterial chitosan hydrogel is characterized in that the hydrogel is a self-repairing antibacterial hydrogel, the preparation method of the self-repairing antibacterial hydrogel comprises the following steps of: (1) reacting carboxymethyl chitosan with gallic acid to obtain a soluble carboxymethyl chitosan gallic acid derivative, wherein the molar ratio of gallic acid to carboxyl on carboxymethyl chitosan is 1:1-10:1; and (2) mixing an aqueous solution of the carboxymethyl chitosan gallic acid derivative with a FeCl3 solution according to a concentration ratio of 5:1-20:1 to obtain the self-repairing chitosan hydrogel, wherein the pH value of the mixed solution is 5-10. According to the invention, the intelligent hydrogel with self-repairing performance is synthesized in a short time through the interaction of dynamic metal ligands. In addition, the hydrogel also shows excellent antibacterial performance, and the antibacterial rate is increased along with the increase of the content of the carboxymethyl chitosan gallic acid derivative.

The invention relates to a biological adhesive microsphere with a nuclear shell double-layer structure and a preparation method of the microsphere. By taking Zujin pill total alkaloids as a model medicine, taking natural high-molecular polymers such as chitosan, sodium alga acid and gelatin as carrier materials, an intelligent hydrogel medicine release system with biological adhesiveness is constructed. Due to the biological adhesive microsphere with the nuclear shell structure, detention time of the medicine in stomach is prolonged, medicine absorption is increased, and the biological availability of oral medicine for treating gastrohelcosis is improved. The biological adhesive microsphere is a reasonable and effective novel dosage form of gastrohelcosis-resisting medicine developed by using ancient prescription into a modern research method. The invention further illuminates in-vitro medicine release performance of the microsphere and in-vitro biological adhesion effect of the microsphere.

The invention discloses a high-diffraction-intensity two-dimensional colloidal crystal-gold array / intelligent hydrogel composite material and a visual sensor.A preparing method of the high-diffraction-intensity two-dimensional colloidal crystal-gold array / intelligent hydrogel composite material includes the following steps that a single-layer colloidal crystal array is prepared on a substrate, the single-layer colloidal crystal array serves as a template, a gold film with the thickness of 35 nm-50 nm is deposited on the surface of the template with the physical deposition method, and therefore a two-dimensional colloidal crystal-gold array with the gold film as a shell is prepared; reaction liquid of intelligent hydrogel is injected into the two-dimensional colloidal crystal-gold array, the product is covered with a glass sheet, then photopolymerization treatment is carried out for 10-30 min, stripping and washing are carried out, and the high-diffraction-intensity two-dimensional colloidal crystal-gold array / intelligent hydrogel composite material is prepared.By means of the high-diffraction-intensity two-dimensional colloidal crystal-gold array / intelligent hydrogel composite material, intense diffraction signals can be obtained without a high reflective mirror, and the high-diffraction-intensity two-dimensional colloidal crystal-gold array / intelligent hydrogel composite material has the advantages of being sensitive, simple in preparing procedure and low in cost, and is suitable for practical industrial applications.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a temperature driven programmable 4D printing intelligent material. According to the method, on the basis of high efficiency of mold shaping, N-isopropylacrylamide type temperature intelligent hydrogel is adopted as a main body material, and a temperature driven 4D printing intelligent deformation material which has temperature response anisotropismin a spatial dimension is prepared through 'one-step method' in-situ free radical polymerization. In addition to high interface bonding strength, the temperature driven programmable 4D printing intelligent deformation material prepared by using the method has the characteristics of programmability, high response speeds, high mechanical strength, high deformation complexity and high practicability,in addition is low in production cost, convenient to process and manufacture and wide in application range, and is capable of providing a feasible and effective novel method for solving practical application problems of temperature driven programmable 4D printing intelligent deformation materials.

The invention provides an intelligent hydrogel device. The intelligent hydrogel device comprises at least two liquid-state metal layers, at least one hydrogel layer and a connection electrode, wherein the liquid-state metal layers and the hydrogel layer are mutually overlapped; and each liquid-state metal layer is connected with the connection electrode. The invention further provides an intelligent hydrogel control device. The intelligent hydrogel control device comprises the intelligent hydrogel device and a control circuit; and the intelligent hydrogel device is connected with the control circuit through the connection electrode. According to the intelligent hydrogel device and the intelligent hydrogel control device, provided by the invention, the liquid-state metal layers and the hydrogel layers are overlapped, and voltage is applied to the liquid-state metal layers through the control circuit, so that the intelligent hydrogel device is deformed. Therefore, the sensitivity of hydrogel in an electric field is effectively improved, and furthermore, a range of controlling stress deformation of the hydrogel is expanded.

The invention discloses a high-strength self-repairing antibacterial hydrogel and a preparation method thereof. The hydrogel is characterized in that the hydrogel is high-strength self-repairing antibacterial hydrogel; and the high-strength self-repairing antibacterial hydrogel is prepared through a copolymerization reaction of polyacrylic acid grafted carboxymethyl chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol,the molar ratio of reactants acrylic acid to carboxyl groups on carboxymethyl chitosan is 1:1 to 10:1, and the molar ratio of acrylic acid to hydroxyl groups on polyvinyl alcohol is 1:1 to 10:1. Theself-repairing intelligent hydrogel is synthesized in a short time through ultraviolet irradiation, and the method is simple, safe to operate and easy to accept by researchers. The mechanical strengthof the obtained chitosan-based hydrogel is increased along with the increase of the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol. In addition, the hydrogel can be self-repaired in a room-temperature environment, and no stimulation or healing agent is needed. More importantly, the hydrogel has excellent antibacterial performance, and the antibacterial rate is increased along with the increase of the contentof carboxymethyl chitosan. Therefore, the intelligent hydrogel can be applied to the fields of biomedicines and sensors.

The invention relates to sugar-sensitive intelligent hydrogel based on a gold surface and a synthesis method thereof. The synthesis method of the gold surface-based sugar-sensitive intelligent hydrogel comprises the following three steps of pre-treating a gold sheet so that the surface of the gold sheet is provided with -OH, efficiently introducing double bonds on the surface of the gold sheet orderly by a silane coupling agent and an acid anhydride, synthesizing the hydrogel on the surface of the gold sheet from acryamidophenylboronic acid as a monomer, a glucose molecule as a template and N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide as a cross-linking agent by an ultraviolet light-initiated polymerization reaction, and after the reaction, removing the glucose molecule by washing so that a large amount of glucose molecular imprinting cavities are formed on a hydrogel membrane on the surface of the gold sheet. The sugar-sensitive intelligent hydrogel based on a gold surface will be used in the field of biological signal detection and realizes dynamic identification and detection of glucose and other physiological indexes under the human physiological conditions.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical dressings for repairing burn skin wounds, and provides a double-sustained-release drug-loaded hydrogel dressing with double-layer microspheres entrapped by a semi-interpenetrating network. Acrylic acid is used as a pH-sensitive monomer. The pH / temperature dual-sensitive intelligent hydrogel takes methacrylic acid 2-ethyl ester and oligomeric (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate as temperature-sensitive monomers, and an anti-inflammatory drug gentamicin sulfate is entrapped; the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a calcium alginate core sphere entrapped with bovine serum albumin through a high-voltage electrostatic instillation method, coating the surface of the core sphere with a chitosan shell layer entrapped with an antibacterial drug azithromycin to form a double-layer microsphere, and loading the double-layer microsphere into the hydrogel to obtain the hydrogel dressing capable of precisely and slowly releasing two drugs and one protein. According to the pH / temperature change of a wound surface microenvironment, the hydrogel can achieve accurate controlled release of drugs and improve the utilization rate of the drugs, and is a novel double-sustained-release drug-loaded hydrogel dressing with a semi-interpenetrating network combined double-layer microsphere structure and good comprehensive performance.

The invention discloses a preparation method of magnetic response self-repairing intelligent hydrogel. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing ferroferric oxide micro-particles; (2) preparing a polyvinyl alcohol solution; (3) adding water into boric acid and sodium carbonate powder, and conducting stirring until the solution becomes uniform, colorless and transparent from turbid, wherein the sodium carbonate is used for adjusting the pH of the solution; (4) adding the ferroferric oxide micro-particles obtained in the step (1) into the polyvinyl alcohol solution obtained in the step (2), conducting uniform dispersing, slowly adding the colorless transparent solution obtained in the step (3), and conducting continuous stirring until no new gel appears; and (5) taking out the gel obtained in the step (4), conducting soaking and washing to obtain the magnetic response self-repairing intelligent hydrogel. The magnetic response self-repairing intelligent hydrogelhas the advantages of being high in magnetic response controllability, non-toxic, harmless, low in cost and the like.

The invention provides a lubricating hydrogel material, and a preparation method and an application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of intelligent hydrogels. A covalent interpenetrating network hydrogel formed by a first monomer and a second monomer in the prepared lubricating hydrogel material makes the hydrogel have good mechanical properties and simulate the compression resistance and load bearing characteristics of articular cartilage; weak non-covalent bond interaction between supramolecular monomers is prone to gel-sol conversion when the pH value is changed, so possibility is brought for the appearance of a liquid layer on the surface of the hydrogel; and after the lubricating hydrogel is treated by a pH regulator, the non-covalent supramolecular part is subjected to assembling-disassembling reversible conversion, and the disassembled supramolecular part becomes a sol, and plays a role in lubricating on the surface of the hydrogel. The lubricating mechanism of the lubricating hydrogel material provided by the invention is same to the exudation lubricating mechanism of human articular cartilage, and the prepared lubricating hydrogel material has the advantages ofhigh strength, wide pH response range, simplicity in operation, and suitableness for industrial production.

Capture particles for harvesting analytes from solution and methods for using them are described. The capture particles are made up of a polymeric matrix having pore size that allows for the analytes to enter the capture particles. The pore size of the capture particles may be changeable upon application of a stimulus to the particles, allowing the pore size of the particles to be changed so that analytes of interest remain sequestered inside the particles. The polymeric matrix of the capture particles may be made of co-polymeric materials having a structural monomer and an affinity monomer, the affinity monomer having properties that attract the analyte to the capture particle. The capture particles may be used to isolate and identify analytes present in a mixture. They may also be used to protect analytes which are typically subject to degradation upon harvesting and to concentrate low an analyte in low abundance in a fluid.