The invention discloses a multi-level optimization design method of a GIS / GIL basin-type insulator with high electrical resistance. The method comprises a preliminary design stage and a detailed design stage. In the preliminary design stage, the basic shape of the GIS / GIL basin-type insulator is constructed by adopting contour shape optimization, the shapes of a convex surface and a concave surface of a basin body are described by utilizing a two-dimensional contour function, dielectric functionally graded material distribution is considered to be introduced, dielectric property space distribution is adjusted by utilizing topological optimization to actively regulate and control electric field distribution, and a creeping electric field is further deeply homogenized; in the detailed designstage, according to a dielectric distribution topological optimization result, the optimized gradient insulation area is converted into a high dielectric area with a constant dielectric constant, thesizes of the high-voltage side metal accessory and the high dielectric area are finely adjusted, an optimal size parameter is found out by adopting a genetic algorithm or an ant colony algorithm so as to finish the design of the basin-type insulator for GIS / GIL. The design space can be fully expanded, depth suppression of a creeping electric field is achieved, and the purpose of increasing the breakdown voltage of the basin-type insulator is achieved.