The invention discloses a preparation method of a fiber-toughening calcium phosphate-based bone repairing material for 3D printing. The method comprises the steps of A, preparation of high-dispersionpolymer fibers, wherein a degradable polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent, diphosphonate is added, and even stirring is conducted for obtaining a polymer solution; the polymer solution is subjected to electrostatic spinning for obtaining the polymer fibers arrayed directionally; then deionized water is used for ultrasound-assisted soaking, folding and freezing in the direction vertical to the directional direction are conducted, cutting is conducted through a slicer at intervals of 5-100 microns, ethyl alcohol ultrasonic fiber dispersion, centrifugation collection and vacuum drying are conducted, and the high-dispersion polymer fibers are obtained; B, preparation of a fiber dispersion solution, wherein the high-dispersion polymer fibers are added to a calcium phosphate bone cement liquid phase with the pH of 7.4, and the fiber dispersion solution with the mass concentration of 1-5% is obtained; C, preparation of the bone repairing material, wherein the fiber dispersion solution is evenly mixed with calcium phosphate bone cement solid phase powder according to the mass ratio of (0.7-1.3):1, and the bone repairing material is obtained. The calcium phosphate-based bone repairingmaterial prepared through the method is good in printability and high in mechanical property.