The invention relates to a method for ecologically restoring vegetation on the bare rock engineering wound surface, which belongs to the technical field of vegetation ecological restoration. A similarly natural mode is used to accelerate the restoration of the vegetation ecological environment and landscape. The method comprises the following steps: firstly carrying out the pretreatment on the bare rock engineering wound surface, and retaining the definite natural unevenness and fissure degree of the actual slope line (4) of the bare rock within the range from the low level control line (2) to the high level control line (3) of a designed slope line (1) under the preconditions of keeping a stable rock slope base and removing dangerous and floating stones; and by adhering to the concept of artificial guidance and natural selection, adjusting measures to the local conditions according to the geological, geomorphic and climatic conditions and different target vegetations, and adopting different processes and slurries with different components to carry out the spray sowing on the rock slope. The method has low cost and high efficiency, facilitates the retention of soil and plant seed sources, and completes at one pass the vegetation restoration which needs years of accumulation and multiple superposition of the natural force. The vegetation ecological restoration is similar to the nature, but is far quicker than the nature. The prosperous period or declining period of a single species mutation can never appear. The method is particularly suitable for the large-area application, achieves the landscape and ecological effects in the near term, the medium term and the long term, and has practical and long term significance.