The present invention belongs to the semiconductor optoelectronic technological field and relates to a silicon-based photonic integrated structure and a preparation method. The integrated structure comprises a laser driving circuit, at least one laser, monitoring detectors, an optical waveguide, and a silicon-based substrate, wherein the number of the at least one laser is corresponding to the number of the monitoring detectors; the laser driving circuit is electrically connected with the lasers; the lasers, the monitoring detectors, and the optical waveguides are optically connected with oneanother; and the laser driving circuit, the lasers, the monitoring detectors, and the optical waveguide are all disposed on the same silicon-based substrate. According to the silicon-based photonic integrated structure of the invention, the laser driving circuit, a multi-wavelength chip and a multi-optical path composite chip are integrated on the same substrate, and therefore, the silicon-based photonic integrated structure has the advantages of high integration, high performance, low cost and easiness in packaging. With the silicon-based photonic integrated structure adopted, the further development of a communication module in the corresponding industry in high integration and miniaturization can be benefitted.