The present invention provides an optical fiber type CPT atomic magnetometer physical system which comprises a host machine, a first single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber, a fiber polarizer, a second single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber, a fiber 1 / 4 waveplate, an atomic gas chamber, a twisted heating wire, a temperature sensor, a first optical fiber connector, and a third single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber, wherein the host machine comprises a pigtail VCSEL laser, an optical fiber photoelectric detector, a second optical fiber connector and a temperature control unit, the twisted heating wire is wound around the outer surface of the atomic gas chamber, the temperature sensor is arranged at the outer surface of the atomic gas chamber, the twisted heating wire and the temperature sensor are connected to the temperature control unit through temperature control cables, the twisted heating wire is used for generating heat in the atomic gas chamber, and the temperature control unit controls the temperature of the atomic gas chamber through the temperature sensor. According to the system, the difficulty of installing and debugging an optical path is reduced, the stability of outputting a CPT signal is improved, the size is reduced, the power consumption is reduced, and the precision of measuring a magnetic field is improved.