The invention discloses a thermal insulation building material and preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of building materials. The building material is prepared from, by weight, 15-20 parts of epoxy resin, 14-18 parts of phenolic resin, 16-21 parts of polyurethane, 6-12 parts of vermiculite, 8-15 parts of perlite, 7-15 parts of volcanic ash, 9-14 parts of asbestos, 15-18parts of calcium silicate, 3-7 parts of calcium fluosilicate, 4-8 parts of nanometer aluminium oxide, 5-9 parts of nanosilicon dioxide, 4-8 parts of liquid water glass, 4-7 parts of ceramic fiber, 3-6parts of zinc oxide, 2-4 parts of carbon black, 3-5 parts of fire retardant, 2.5-4.5 parts of antioxygen, 1.2-2.1 parts of defoaming agent, 3-5 parts of photo-thermal stabilizer and 2-4 parts of curing agent; the thermal insulation building material is small in heat conductivity coefficient, large in heat storage coefficient, better in the thermal insulation performance, large in antiflaming coefficient, high in safety performance, good in cracking resistance, shock resistance and ageing resistance, long in service life, simple in the preparation method, low in raw material price, and betterin market application prospects.