The invention relates to a short-process continuous preparation method of a high-performance copper-chromium alloy wire rod, and belongs to the field of non-ferrous metal processing. The method comprises the following steps of A, proportioning, feeding, smelting and casting according to the proportion of the copper-chromium alloy, the copper-chromium-based alloy is prepared from the following components of, in percentage by weight, 0.1%-0.6% of Cr, one or both of Zr, Ti, Ag, Mg, Sn, Fe, Si and Zn, the total content of the alloy element is 0.08%-0.4%, and the content of each alloy element is 0.05%-0. 2%, and the balance Cu; B, continuous extrusion; C, drawing; D, bell hood intermediate annealing; E, drawing; and F, on-line annealing process. According to the method, the high-temperature solid solution treatment and the multi-time aging treatment process in the traditional process are omitted, the continuous preparation of the short process is easy to realize, the requirement of high-endprecision cable on the large length of the filament wire can be met, the production process flow is shortened, and the production efficiency of the alloy material is improved.