The invention discloses a high-strength, high-plasticity, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy layered composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aluminum alloy layered composite materials. The high-strength, high-plasticity and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy layered composite material is composed of a 1-series or 3-series aluminum alloy cladding material and a 6-series aluminum alloy base material. Anneal the aluminum alloy cladding material and the aluminum alloy base material, clean, degrease and polish the surface to be composited. The direction of the grinding stripes is perpendicular to the rolling direction. A high-strength, high-plasticity, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy layered composite material with a strong metallurgical interface is obtained by cold-rolling pre-compositing, heating, single-pass hot-rolling and compounding, and finally solution-aging treatment. The invention has low equipment requirements, simple process flow, short cycle, high production efficiency, low energy consumption and low cost, and the prepared aluminum alloy layered composite material has high strength, high plasticity and excellent corrosion resistance.