102 results about "Valence electron" patented technology

A solid electrolytic capacitor that comprises an anode, a dielectric layer overlying the anode; and a cathode that contains a solid electrolyte layer overlying the dielectric layer. The anode comprises a porous, sintered body that defines a surface. The body is treated so that the surface contains a non-metallic element having a ground state electron configuration that includes five or more valence electrons at an energy level of three or more (e.g., phosphorous).

A method of using a metal complex as an n-dopant for doping an organic semiconducting matrix material in order to alter the latter's electrical characteristics is provided. In order to provide n-doped organic semiconductors with matrix materials having a low reduction potential, while achieving high conductivities, the n-dopant is a neutral electron-rich metal complex with a neutral or charged transition metal atom as a central atom and having at least 16 valence electrons. The complex can be polynuclear and can possess at least one metal-metal bond. At least one ligand can form a π complex with the central atom, which can be a bridge ligand, or it can contain at least one carbanion-carbon atom or a divalent atom. Methods for providing the novel n-dopants are provided.

A magnetic sensor for measuring a magnetic field using an optical pumping method includes a first gas in which a valence electron is composed of an odd number of atoms or ions, a probe light incidence device which causes first probe light including straight polarized light to be incident on the first gas, a second gas in which a valence electron arranged on an optical path of second probe light that is the first probe light transmitted through the first gas is composed of an odd number of atoms or ions, a pumping light incidence device which causes first pumping light including first circular polarized light to be incident on the first gas and second pumping light including second circular polarized light to be incident on the second gas, and a detector which detects a rotation angle of a polarization plane of the first probe light and a polarization plane of third probe light that is the second probe light transmitted through the second gas.

A carbon nanotube which shows ferromagnetism without a ferromagnetic metal imparted thereto and also has high thermal stability is provided. The carbon nanotube is characterized by being doped with nitrogen (which differs from carbon in valence electron) such that the doped nitrogen is segregated in a strip form at one end of the carbon nanotube. The thus doped nitrogen causes the carbon nanotube to have a difference in electron density and to show ferromagnetism. The present invention makes it possible to provide a carbon nanotube showing ferromagnetism without the necessity of imparting any magnetic metal thereto.

The invention discloses a novel cerium oxide denitration catalyst. The novel cerium oxide denitration catalyst has the expression formula of CeNaOx, wherein the molar ratio of Ce to Na is (90-98):(10-2), and x is balanced and determined by positive and negative valence electrons in each atom. The preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps of: 1, dissolving cerous sulfate, sodium phosphate and cerium sulfate in water at normal temperature, and stirring to form a transparent solution; 2, transferring the prepared solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and adding deionized water; 3, sealing the hydrothermal reaction kettle and transferring the hydrothermal reaction kettle to an oven for heating and reacting, reducing the temperature, performing centrifugal separation, and cleaning until no sulfate radical is detected by using deionized water; and 4, drying and roasting the centrifuged precipitate, thereby obtaining the catalyst. The metallic oxide catalyst is in the range of 200-500 DEG C, and the purification efficiency of nitric oxide is 71-100 percent; and the composite oxide catalyst has high high-altitude-resistant speed and good alkali-resistant metal poisoning performance, the efficiency is greatly improved, and the operating cost can be obviously reduced.