The invention belongs to the field of rhodium recovery, and particularly discloses a method for recovering rhodium from rhodium-containing waste liquid. The method comprises the following steps of concentrating the rhodium-containing waste liquid to evaporate light components, mixing wood chips, carrying out primary incineration on the rhodium-containing waste liquid concentrated solution to obtain rhodium-containing carbon residues, and carrying out acid pickling and water washing; carrying out secondary incineration on the rhodium-containing carbon residues to obtain rhodium-containing ash residues, and carrying out acid pickling, water washing, alkali washing and water washing to completely remove acid-soluble and alkali-soluble impurities; in the primary incineration and secondary incineration processes, enabling flue gas to pass through a wet dust collector and a cyclone dust collector, collecting dust in the flue gas, avoiding direct emission of the flue gas to pollute the environment, and reducing rhodium loss in the incineration process; and combining the dust with incineration residues, reacting with alkali metal acid sulfate to generate soluble rhodium salt, and reactingthe soluble rhodium salt with active metal to obtain rhodium. According to the process, the rhodium loss in the incineration process can be reduced, the rhodium yield can be improved, impurities in the rhodium-containing ash residues can be removed, the rhodium enrichment degree is higher, and the recovery process is simplified.