855 results about "Nitrous oxide" patented technology

A method and apparatus for depositing a low dielectric constant film by reaction of an organosilicon compound and an oxidizing gas at a constant RF power level from about 10W to about 200W or a pulsed RF power level from about 20W to about 500W. Dissociation of the oxidizing gas can be increased prior to mixing with the organosilicon compound, preferably within a separate microwave chamber, to assist in controlling the carbon content of the deposited film. The oxidized organosilane or organosiloxane film has good barrier properties for use as a liner or cap layer adjacent other dielectric layers. The oxidized organosilane or organosiloxane film may also be used as an etch stop and an intermetal dielectric layer for fabricating dual damascene structures. The oxidized organosilane or organosiloxane films also provide excellent adhesion between different dielectric layers. A preferred oxidized organosilane film is produced by reaction of methylsilane, CH3SiH3, dimethylsilane, (CH3)2SiH2, or 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-disiloxane, (CH3)2-SiH-O-SiH-(CH3)2, and nitrous oxide, N2O, at a constant RF power level from about 10W to about 150W, or a pulsed RF power level from about 20W to about 250W during 10% to 30% of the duty cycle.

A combustor assembly includes a combustor chamber having a primary and intermediate zone that provides for reduced flame temperatures. The combustor assembly includes first and second pluralities of injectors. The first plurality of injectors introduces fuel to a primary zone. A second plurality of injectors introduces fuel to an intermediate zone. During operation between initial start up and before the introduction of engine load, fuel is introduced into the primary zone only by the first plurality of injectors. Once engine load is applied to the engine, fuel is introduced into the intermediate zone by the second plurality of injectors. Introduction of additional volume of fuel allows the fuel-air ratio to remain constant regardless of engine operating conditions. The constant fuel-air ratio is maintained at a desired rate to lower flame temperatures and reduce nitrous oxide emissions.

A method and apparatus for depositing a low dielectric constant film by reaction of an organosilane or organosiloxane compound and an oxidizing gas at a low RF power level from 10-250 W. The oxidized organosilane or organosiloxane film has good barrier properties for use as a liner or cap layer adjacent other dielectric layers. The oxidized organosilane or organosiloxane film may also be used as an etch stop or an intermetal dielectric layer for fabricating dual damascene structures. The oxidized organosilane or organosiloxane films also provide excellent adhesion between different dielectric layers. A preferred oxidized organosilane film is produced by reaction of methylsilane, CH3SiH3, or dimethylsilane, (CH3)2SiH2, and nitrous oxide, N2O, at an RF power level from about 10 to 200 W or a pulsed RF power level from about 20 to 250 W during 10-30% of the duty cycle.

A method and apparatus for depositing a low dielectric constant film by reaction of an organosilane or organosiloxane compound and an oxidizing gas at a low RF power level from 10-250 W. The oxidized organosilane or organosiloxane film has good barrier properties for use as a liner or cap layer adjacent other dielectric layers. The oxidized organosilane or organosiloxane film may also be used as an etch stop or an intermetal dielectric layer for fabricating dual damascene structures. The oxidized organosilane or organosiloxane films also provide excellent adhesion between different dielectric layers. A preferred oxidized organosilane film is produced by reaction of methylsilane, CH3SiH3, or dimethylsilane, (CH3)2SiH2, and nitrous oxide, N2O, at an RF power level from about 10 to 200 W or a pulsed RF power level from about 20 to 250 W during 10-30% of the duty cycle.

The present invention relates to multi-functional biomass carbon fertilizer produced by using biomass carbon from straws and kitchen waste, and belongs to the technical field of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer. The fertilizer mainly comprises the following components, by weight, 15-30% of biomass carbon, 25-35% of nitrogen fertilizer, 15-25% of phosphorus fertilizer, 15-25% of potassium fertilizer and 2-4% of clay, wherein the total nutrient weight percentage of the prepared fertilizer is 35-42%, the organic matter content is 15-20%. The preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the biomass carbon; screening the crushed biomass carbon by using a 1 mm sieve; uniformly mixing the screened biomass carbon, the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer; then mixing the clay to the resulting mixture; carrying out pelletizing by a steam drum, drying and screening to prepare uniform particles with the particle sizes of 2-3 mm. According to the present invention, the resource utilization of the waste can be effectively realized; the discharge of nitrous oxide of the soil can be significantly reduced; the fixed carbon content in the soil can be improved; the soil bulk density can be regulated; the nitrogen utilization efficiency of the crop can be increased; the yield and the quality of the crop can be substantially improved.

A method for cleaning materials containing solids and / or liquids is disclosed which involves contacting the materials with an extracting fluid including Xe, NH3, lower aromatics, nitrous oxide, water, CO, CO2, H2O, lower alcohols, lower alkanes, lower alkenes, or mixtures or combinations thereof under conditions of temperature and pressure sufficient to maintain the fluid at, near or above its critical point and to products derived therefrom.

An improved process and method for the formation of stable intermediate cyclophanes. Embodiments describe a general method for the production of substituted and unsubstituted cyclophanes. The components include a pyrolysis reaction tube that may be electrically heated into which a flowing stream of nitrous oxide with xylene vapor in an optional inert carrier gas at atmospheric pressure. The exit gas is condensed resulting in the deposition of [2,2′]paracyclophane. Additionally a process and method whereby the reactive intermediates of the reaction described above can be directly deposited and polymerized at atmospheric pressures or thereabout is disclosed.

New technologies, such as NOx adsorber catalytic converters, are being used to meet increasingly stringent regulations on undesirable emissions, including NOx emissions. NOx adsorbers must be periodically regenerated, which requires an increased fuel consumption. The present disclosure includes a method of regenerating a NOx adsorber within a NOx adsorber catalytic converter. At least one sensor positioned downstream from the NOx adsorber senses, in the downstream exhaust, at least one of NOx, nitrous oxide and ammonia concentrations a plurality of times during a regeneration phase. The sensor is in communication with an electronic control module that includes a regeneration monitoring algorithm operable to end the regeneration phase when a time rate of change of the at least one of NOx, nitrous oxide and ammonia concentrations is after an expected plateau region begins.

Embodiments of the invention generally relate to methods of dry stripping boron-carbon films. In one embodiment, alternating plasmas of hydrogen and oxygen are used to remove a boron-carbon film. In another embodiment, co-flowed oxygen and hydrogen plasma is used to remove a boron-carbon containing film. A nitrous oxide plasma may be used in addition to or as an alternative to either of the above oxygen plasmas. In another embodiment, a plasma generated from water vapor is used to remove a boron-carbon film. The boron-carbon removal processes may also include an optional polymer removal process prior to removal of the boron-carbon films. The polymer removal process includes exposing the boron-carbon film to NF3 to remove from the surface of the boron-carbon film any carbon-based polymers generated during a substrate etching process.