The invention discloses a primary fluorinated carbon lithium battery and a preparation method thereof. The battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode with metallic lithium as active materials, diaphragms, a non-aqueous electrolyte, pole lugs and a case, wherein the positive electrode comprises fluorinated carbon active materials and electric conduction additives, and the non-aqueous electrolyte comprises one component of lithium tetrafluoroborate (LIBF4), propylene carbonate(PC), 1,2dimethoxyethane (DME), gamma-butyrolactone (BL), dimethyl tetrahydrofuran (2Me-THF) and dioxolane (DOL). According to the primary fluorinated carbon lithium battery, the positive electrode is made of fluorinated carbon material with high fluoride content, various electric conduction additives are used for improving electric conductivity of the electrodes, and the electrolyte is low in viscosity, good in liquidity, and large in quantity of solid liquid interfaces, so that conductivity of the solid liquid interfaces and ions can be improved effectively, a liquid injection volume is reduced, electric discharge with different rates from 50h-rate to 5h-rate can be achieved, gravimetric specific energy of the battery achieves 400-610Wh / kg, and volumetric specific energy of the battery achieves 700-950Wh / L. Furthermore, the primary fluorinated carbon lithium battery is strong in processing property, and suitable for large-scale production and application.