The invention relates to a gene chip for typing influenza A virus, a preparation method thereof, a detection method and a detection kit, wherein the gene chip comprises a solid phase carrier and an oligonucleotide probe which is fixed on the solid phase carrier and contains DNA segments selected from one or more genes of HA, NA and / or M of the influenza A virus. The gene chip of the invention has very high sensitivity and specificity, can be used for simultaneously detecting a plurality of groups of influenza A virus genes and identifying groups by adopting a multiple PCR amplification mode, has wide application prospects, can identify the specific serotype, has efficient and quick detection and analysis methods, and can be applied to the fields of life science, medical testing, food safety, environmental surveillance, import and export inspection and quarantine, bioterrorism prevention, epidemiological surveillance, and the like.