916 results about "Short duration" patented technology

A parallel alarm processor has a threshold detector, a pattern extractor, a predetermined reference pattern, a first alarm and a second alarm. The threshold detector has a first output responsive to relatively long duration oxygen desaturations. The pattern extractor has a second output responsive to relatively short duration oxygen desaturations. The predetermined reference pattern is indicative of a series of intermittent oxygen desaturations. A first alarm is triggered when the first output crosses a lower limit threshold. A second alarm is triggered when the second output matches the predetermined reference pattern. In an embodiment, an integrator inputs smoothed oxygen saturation measurements to the threshold detector, and a predictor inputs predictive oxygen saturation measurements to the pattern extractor.

A method of forming a dielectric stack on a pre-treated surface. The method comprises pre-cleaning a semiconductor wafer to remove native oxide, such as by applying hydroflouric acid to form an HF-last surface, pre-treating the HF-last surface with ozonated deionized water, forming a dielectric stack on the pre-treated surface and providing a flow of NH3 in a process zone surrounding the wafer. Alternately, the method includes pre-treating the HF-last surface with NH3, forming the stack after the pre-treating, and providing a flow of N2 in a process zone surrounding the wafer after the forming. The method also includes pre-treating the HF-last surface using an in-situ steam generation process, forming the stack on the pre-treated surface, and annealing the wafer after the forming. The pre-treating includes providing an inert gas flow in a process zone surrounding the HF-last surface, reacting hydrogen with an oxidizer in the process zone for a very short duration, and providing an inert gas flew in the process zone after the reacting.

The present invention relates to a method of analyzing a subject for excessive daytime sleepiness, and more particularly to a quick (short duration), quantitative method of sleep disorder analysis. The present invention additionally relates to a method, which can be used to quantitatively measure the treatment endpoints for the subject, i.e., appropriate levels of stimulants. Additionally, the present invention relates to a device for sleep disorder analysis.

A method for transmitting digital beamformed signals in a transmit array antenna apparatus utilizing a single transceiver with one power amplifier, one up-frequency converter and one digital-to-analog converter for said array transmit antenna apparatus comprising the steps of: generating a first set of direct-sequence spread spectrum codes; generating a plurality of weights, each weight being a beamforming amplitude and phase or delay for each element; generating a direct-sequence spread spectrum multiplexed signal containing such weights while using one of such first-set codes per element; converting such an multiplexed signal to a convenient radio frequency; amplifying and transmitting such a multiplexed radio frequency signal to the elements; generating a second set of direct-sequence spread spectrum codes; extracting a radio frequency signal with direction-bearing weight information at each element while using a subset of codes from the second set; generating a third set of direct-sequence spread spectrum codes at each element; transmitting a signal with array gain beamformed towards a specific direction while using a transmit array apparatus composed of spaced elements, such a transmit beamformed signal being a radio frequency signal, a direct-sequence spread spectrum radio frequency signal containing a subset of codes from the third set, or a sequence of radio frequency pulses that have short duration and high power.

A nonvolatile memory cell comprising doped semiconductor material and a diode can store memory states by changing the resistance of the doped semiconductor material by application of a set pulse (decreasing resistance) or a reset pulse (increasing resistance.) Set pulses are of short duration and above a threshold voltage, while reset pulses are longer duration and below a threshold voltage. In some embodiments multiple resistance states can be achieved, allowing for a multi-state cell, while restoring a prior high-resistance state allows for an rewriteable cell. In some embodiments, the diode and a switchable memory formed of doped semiconductor material are formed in series, while in other embodiments, the diode itself serves as the semiconductor switchable memory element.

A method and neurostimulation system of providing therapy to a patient is provided. At least one electrode is placed in contact with tissue of a patient. A sub-threshold, hyperpolarizing, conditioning pre-pulse (e.g., an anodic pulse) is conveyed from the electrode(s) to render a first region of the tissue (e.g., dorsal root fibers) less excitable to stimulation, and a depolarizing stimulation pulse (e.g., a cathodic pulse) is conveyed from the electrode(s) to stimulate a second different region of the tissue (e.g., dorsal column fibers). The conditioning pre-pulse has a relatively short duration (e.g., less than 200 μs).

An ultra wide bandwidth, high speed, spread spectrum communications system uses short wavelets of electromagnetic energy to transmit information through objects such as walls or earth. The communication system uses baseband codes formed from time shifted and inverted wavelets to encode data on a RF signal. Typical wavelet pulse durations are on the order of 100 to 1000 picoseconds with a bandwidth of approximately 8 GHz to 1 GHz, respectively. The combination of short duration wavelets and encoding techniques are used to spread the signal energy over an ultra wide frequency band such that the energy is not concentrated in any particular narrow band (e.g. VHF: 30-300 MHz or UHF: 300-1000 MHz) and is not detected by conventional narrow band receivers so it does not interfere with those communication systems. The use of pulse codes composed of time shifted and inverted wavelets gives the system according to the present invention has a spatial resolution on the order of 1 foot which is sufficient to minimize the negative effects of multipath interference and permit time domain rake processing.

This invention permits the upstream transmission of short packets of information in a cable TV system, and blocking upstream noise at all other times, and does so without interfering with image quality of normal TV viewing. A remotely operable ingress noise blocking filter is placed at the terminating junction between a subscriber's coaxial drop cable and a corresponding feeder tap in a cable TV system. The ingress noise blocking filter contains a high pass filter to pass the normal TV band. This high pass filter is bypassed by a section containing low pass filters and a switch operated when receiving a control signal from a cable modem during those short durations the cable modem is authorized to transmit an upstream signal. Low pass filters isolate the switching elements so that switching transients cannot occur in the downstream TV band. The level of the amplitude of the downstream signal is unaffected whether the switching elements are open or closed. Further, the switching arrangement provides a relatively constant impedance, both when the switching element is on and off to provide a high return loss and avoid signal reflections and maintain signal quality. In a diagnostic mode, the location of each noise source is determined by correlating the energy measured at each a set of frequencies across the band at the headend during those periods when the cable modem is allowed to transmit versus the energy received during those periods when the same cable modem is not authorized to transmit.

The present invention provides systems and methods to use a measured driving-point response of a nonlinear material to determine one or more elastic properties of the material. The present invention takes advantage of the full information represented by the transient component, the steady-state component, the anharmonic components, and the nonlinear response components of a measured driving-point response of a real nonlinear material, without limitation in the use of large-amplitude forces. The elastic properties are determined by forming and solving a time-domain system of linear equations representing a differential equation model of the driving-point motions of the material. Based on a single, short duration, large-amplitude driving point measurement, both linear and nonlinear properties can be determined; both large-amplitude and near-zero amplitude properties can be determined; and elastic-wave speed and elastic moduli and their variation with depth can be determined. The present invention also provides a system and a method to filter an input signal to either attenuate or preserve each of one or more selected harmonic components that are harmonics of a phase reference signal.

In an air sterilization system that includes a UV kill chamber for sterilizing air that is to be supplied to users, the effectiveness of killing or neutralizing pathogens is increased by including not only a UV light source of a certain intensity but also including a particle filter and providing short duration high intensity UV radiation. In the case of a user specific system that includes a face mask to supply air to a specific user, exhaled air from the face mask may be sterilized as well, either by using the same kill chamber or by using a separate kill chamber.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for communicating a short-duration uplink channel. One apparatus includes a transceiver that receives a downlink scheduling assignment message from a base unit, the scheduling message assigning resources for reception of a TB. The apparatus includes a processor that identifies a set of uplink resources in a slot and determines a first uplink resource from within the set. Here, selecting the first uplink resource is based on: a RB index of a first assigned FRU of the TB, a lowest CCE index of the scheduling message, a HARQ-ACK feedback delay, and / or a HARQ-ACK resource index / offset indicated in the scheduling message. Additionally, the transceiver transmits a first uplink channel conveying at least HARQ-ACK feedback for the TB on the first uplink resource, wherein the first uplink channel comprises one or two symbols in the slot.

A combination of a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope and external laser sources is used for microphotocoagulation purposes. An opto-mechanical linkage device and beamsplitter is used to align the pivot point of the Maxwellian view of the scanning laser ophthalmoscope with the pivot point of non-scanning external laser beams. The same pivot point is necessary to minimize wavefront aberrations and to enable precise focussing of a therapeutic laser beam on the retina. An AOM and / or two-dimensional AOD can be inserted in the pathway of the Gaussian therapeutic beam to control intensity and spatial pattern of small and short-duration pulses. The location of the external laser beam on the retina is determined with the help of two synchronized detectors and image processing. One detector is used to localize moving fiducial landmarks of the retina. A second detector is used to locate on the retina the external laser aiming beam. Two different confocal apertures are used. Polarizing the aiming beam is necessary to further reduce unwanted reflections from the anterior corneal surface.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for treating motion sickness. In a preferred embodiment a method of the invention comprises operating eyewear having shutter lenses to open said shutter lenses at a selected operating frequency ranging from within about 3 Hz to about 50 Hz. The shutter lenses are opened for a short duration at the selected operating frequency wherein the duration is selected to prevent retinal slip. The shutter lenses may be operated at a relatively slow frequency of about 4 Hz when the user is in passive activity such as riding in a boat or car or in limited motion situations in a spacecraft. The shutter lenses may be operated at faster frequencies related to motion of the user's head when the user is active.

A pair of glasses with first and second lens holders for receiving lenses, a bridge element that couples the lens holders, and a pair of temples. The temples are pivotally secured to the lens holders. In one embodiment, the glasses further include a speaker being powered by a power source. The pair of glasses can deliver information through the speaker to the person wearing the glasses. The information being delivered can be wirelessly transmitted to the glasses from a remote device. The information can be pre-recorded and available at the glasses, or the information can be wirelessly received by the glasses as it is produced. The information can be relevant to an event, and available for a relatively short duration of time. In another embodiment, a pair of glasses further includes an information input mechanism that allows the person to input information into the glasses. Such input information can be wirelessly transmitted from the glasses to a remote device.

A method and apparatus are provided for delivering an agent into a cell through the application of nanosecond pulse electric fields (“nsPEF's”). The method includes circuitry for delivery of an agent into a cell via known methods followed by the application of nanosecond pulse electric fields to said cell in order to facilitate entry of the agent into the nucleus of the cell. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention is directed to a method of enhancing gene expression in a cell comprising the application of nanosecond pulse electric fields to said cell. An apparatus for generating long and short pulses according to the present invention is also provided. The apparatus includes a pulse generator capable of producing a first pulse having a long duration and low voltage amplitude and a second pulse having a short duration and high voltage amplitude.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for detecting solar cell defects by applying a forward-biasing electric current through a silicon solar cell or a group of interconnected solar cells for a short duration and then analyzing the resulting thermal image of each cell with an infrared (IR) camera. The invention is particularly useful in assembling solar cell arrays or modules in which large numbers of cells are to be wired together. Automated module assemblers are disclosed in which the cells (or strings of cells) are tested for defects prior to final module assembly.

Digital predistortion system, methods and circuitry for adapting a predistortion system linearizing a non-linear element. The system is a multiply partitioned architecture that addresses long or “memory” effects, and separately addresses shorter duration effects. In a preferred method, the non-linear element is first modeled in software as a nonlinearity and a linearity in cascade form, preferably a Wiener model. The model is validated and adapted to minimize an observed error between the model and the non-linear element. The software model of the non-linear element is then used first to model a predistortion block that addresses short duration effects, and second to separately model a predistortion block that addresses longer duration effects. The models are software executable by an external processor in real time. Periodically the models are executed and used to update the adaptive parameters of the predistortion system without interrupting the system operation.

The present invention provides systems and methods to used a measured driving-point response of a nonlinear material to determined one or more elastic properties of the material. The present invention takes advantage of the full information represented by the transient component, the steady-state component, the anharmonic components, and the nonlinear response components of a measured driving-point response of a real nonlinear material, without limitation in the use of large-amplitude forces. The elastic properties are determined by forming and solving a time-domain system of linear equations representing a differential equation model of the driving-point motions of the material. Based on a single, short duration, large-amplitude driving point measurement, both linear and nonlinear properties can be determined; both large-amplitude and near-zero amplitude properties can be determined; and elastic-wave speed and elastic moduli and their variation with depth can be determined.

System and methods for a digital linearization of a non linear element. Digital predistortion methods and circuitry for linearizing a non-linear element that address long or “memory” effects and shorter duration effects, these two predistortion functions are operated together in an adaptive fashion with the non-linear element to provide a highly linear system. A short duration predistortion block comprises an Nth order polynomial filter coupled to a programmable linear equalizer. The Nth order filter includes programmable non-linearities and variable delay taps. The Nth order filter may be configured to implement a non-sequential or a sequential ordered polynomial. The equalizer may, in a preferred embodiment, include circuitry for equalizing imbalances between real and complex signal values. The Nth order filter may implement a compound Volterra filter. The combined system of the predistortion circuitry and a non-linear element has a linear input-output signal response. Methods for initializing, parameterizing and adapting the system are disclosed.

A Raman spectrometer that employs a time-gated single photon avalanche diode array as a sensor is described. The spectrometer can also perform fluorescence spectroscopy and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A laser is used to provide an excitation signal to excite a specimen of interest. A spectrometer is used to separate the various intensities over a range of wavelengths, which are then caused to impinge on the array to be recorded. The time-gated single photon avalanche diode array is triggered in synchrony with the excitation signal so as to allow time resolution of the response of the sample of interest to the excitation. The array can be time-gated to resolve signals that have shorter durations as a function of time while excluding signals that have a longer time duration. Raman and LIBS signals can be observed even from specimens that fluoresce strongly.

A method for improving vibratory source seismic data uses a filter which converts a recorded seismic groundforce signal (including harmonic distortion therein) into a desired short-duration wavelet. A plurality of surveys may be carried out using a plurality of sweeps from plurality of vibrators that have their relative phases encoded, the groundforce signal of each vibrator being measured. The recorded seismic reflection signals are then processed to separate out the signals from each vibrator. In another aspect, harmonics of upto any desired order may be canceled while carrying out multiple surveys with a plurality of vibrators. In a marine environment, the recorded signal from a vibrator towed by a moving vessel is used to derive a Doppler shift correction filter that is applied to reflection seismic data.

An asymmetric bandwidth communication system enables wireless communication between interrogators / readers and transponders / tags. A transponder transmits TDCIR (Time Domain Carrierless Impulse Radio) signals in the uplink direction and receives non-TDCIR signals, such as electromagnetic continuous waves, in the downlink direction. The transponder may receive partial or whole power from non-TDCIR signals. The TDCIR utilizes electromagnetic impulses with short duration and ultra wide bandwidth. It offers high data rate reliable communication at low power and design complexity. It also demonstrates resilience against path fading, selective absorption and reflection by physical matters and excellent location determination capabilities.

A method, device and system for stimulating visual tissue, typically in the retina or visual cortex, to achieve an artificial percept of light or image. The method includes providing stimulating electrodes suitable for placement in proximity to the visual tissue and generating a series of short-duration stimulation signals having a duration of less than about 0.5 milliseconds each. The short-duration stimulation signals are applied through the stimulating electrodes with varying frequencies that are substantially matched to a spiking range of frequencies of at least one ganglion cell for perceiving brightness or image.

An ultra wide bandwidth, high speed, spread spectrum communications system uses short wavelets of electromagnetic energy to transmit information through objects such as walls or earth. The communication system uses baseband codes formed from time shifted and inverted wavelets to encode data on a RF signal. Typical wavelet pulse durations are on the order of 100 to 1000 picoseconds with a bandwidth of approximately 8 GHz to 1 GHz, respectively. The combination of short duration wavelets and encoding techniques are used to spread the signal energy over a an ultra wide frequency band such that the energy is not concentrated in any particular narrow band (e.g. VHF: 30-300 MHz or UHF: 300-1000 MHz) and is not detected by conventional narrow band receivers so it does not interfere with those communication systems. The use of pulse codes composed of time shifted and inverted wavelets gives the system according to the present invention has a spatial resolution on the order of 1 foot which is sufficient to minimize the negative effects of multipath interference and permit time domain rake processing.

Rechargeable electrochemical cells, such as lithium batteries and asymmetric hybrid battery / supercapacitor systems, exhibiting exceptional specific capacity levels and stability over extended high-rate recharge cycling comprise nanostructure zero strain Li4Ti5O12 intercalation electrode material synthesized in a short duration process of annealing mixed TiO2 and Li-source precursor compounds at about 800° C. for a time of about 15–30 min which is not substantially longer than that required to effect maximum available reaction between the precursors, thereby substantially eliminating the growth of synthesized Li4Ti5O12 particles beyond nanostructure size. The process reduces by order of magnitude the time and energy required for synthesis of the active electrode material and fabrication of utilizing cell devices, and provides such nanostructure material which enables repeated, high-rate recharge cycling without loss of cell capacity or efficiency.

In the case where there coexist general loads requiring backup only for a short duration and a specific load requiring backup for a longer duration, uninterruptible power with higher reliability is supplied to the specific load with the adoption of a simple configuration. A DC backup power supply system comprises an AC / DC converter for normally supplying DC power to loads in while (the general loads and the specific load, included), and a control circuit for supplying DC output backing up the loads in whole for relatively short time only from a battery at the time of a power outage, while supplying DC output backing up the specific load, such as a cache memory and so forth, for relatively long time. Thus, it is possible to implement an uninterruptible power supply system small in size and low in cost, provided with a function for proper use depending on a prevailing situation.

The invention claims to protect a character recognition system and method based on the combination of a neural network and an attention mechanism, the system comprising: a convolution neural network feature extraction module, which is used for spatial feature of character image; The spatial features extracted by the convolution neural network are input to the bi-directional long-short memory network module, and the bi-directional long-short memory network can extract the sequence features of characters. The extracted feature vectors are semantically encoded, and then the attention weights of feature vectors are assigned through the attention mechanism, so that the attention is focused on the feature vectors with higher weights. In the decoding part of the model, the features extracted fromattention and the prediction information of the previous time are used as the inputs of the nested long-short memory network. The purpose of using the long-short memory network is to keep the temporal characteristics of the eigenvectors and make the attention points of the model constantly change with time. In the decoding part, the features extracted from attention and the prediction informationof the previous time are used as the inputs of the nested long-short memory network. The invention can more accurately detect the text area in the natural scene, and has good detection effect on thesmall target text and the text with small tilt angle.