87results about How to "Prevent reoxidation" patented technology

The present invention provides a method for removing charged defects from a material stack including a high k gate dielectric and a metal contact such that the final gate stack, which is useful in forming a pFET device, has a threshold voltage substantially within the silicon band gap and good carrier mobility. Specifically, the present invention provides a re-oxidation procedure that will restore the high k dielectric of a pFET device to its initial, low-defect state. It was unexpectedly determined that by exposing a material stack including a high k gate dielectric and a metal to dilute oxygen at low temperatures will substantially eliminate oxygen vacancies, resorting the device threshold to its proper value. Furthermore, it was determined that if dilute oxygen is used, it is possible to avoid undue oxidation of the underlying semiconductor substrate which would have a deleterious effect on the capacitance of the final metal-containing gate stack. The present invention also provides a semiconductor structure that includes at least one gate stack that has a threshold voltage within a control range and has good carrier mobility.

An apparatus and method of removing scale from the surfaces of processed sheet metal and tubular metal employs a scale removing medium propelled by counter-rotating pairs of wheels positioned in close proximity to the metal surfaces.

An apparatus and method of removing scale from the surfaces of processed sheet metal employs a scale removing medium propelled by counter-rotating pairs of wheels positioned in close proximity to the sheet metal surfaces.

An apparatus and method of removing scale from the surfaces of processed sheet metal employs a scale removing medium propelled by counter-rotating pairs of wheels positioned in close proximity to the sheet metal surfaces.

The present invention provides a method of producing metallic iron nuggets with a high yield and good productivity, and more particularly a method which can produce metallic iron nuggets which have a high Fe purity and are excellent in transporting and handling due to a large grain diameter with a high yield and good productivity, when they are produced by reducing and melting raw material containing iron oxide such as iron ore and carbonaceous reducing agent such as coke. The method of producing metallic iron nuggets comprises steps of: heating raw material containing carbonaceous reducing agent and iron oxide-containing material in a reducing / melting furnace, reducing iron oxide in the raw material, and then heating and melting the metallic iron produced by the reduction and simultaneously making it coalesce while separating the metallic iron nuggets from slag components characterized in that the fixed carbon content ratio as the carbonaceous reducing agent is at least 73% and the volatile matter content in the raw material is not more than 3.9% are used, and the mixing content of carbonaceous reducing agent is restrained to be not more than 45% in relation to the iron oxide components, which is contained in the iron oxide-containing material of the raw material.

An apparatus and method of removing scale from the surfaces of processed sheet metal and tubular metal employs a scale removing medium propelled by counter-rotating pairs of wheels positioned in close proximity to the metal surfaces.

The invention discloses a magnetic separation method for a low-grade chromium-containing vanadium titanium magnetite metalized pellet, belonging to the technical field of non-blast furnace smelting in comprehensive utilization methods of low-grade chromium-containing vanadium titanium magnetite powder. The method is carried out through the following steps of (1) mixing low-grade chromium-containing vanadium titanium magnetite powder, reduced pulverized coal, a binder and an additive by weighing; (2) preparing a pellet from the mixture, and drying; (3) carrying out coal-based pellet self-reduction high-temperature roasting on the dried pellet; (4) cooling the metalized pellet subjected to high-temperature roasting; and (5) smashing the cooled metalized pellet to obtain metalized pellet powder, and then, carrying out magnetic separation by using a magnetic separation tube to obtain an iron-enriched magnetic matter and titanium-enriched nonmagnetic matters. By using the method, the utilization ratios of strategic metal vanadium, titanium and chromium are maximized on the premise that the metallization ratio and iron recovery ratio for coal-based forced reduction of the low-grade chromium-containing vanadium titanium magnetite metalized pellet are increased.

[Problem] To provide a catalyst for catalytic partial oxidation having a high activity and a long-term durability; and to provide a method capable of attaining long-term stable catalytic partial oxidation.[Means for Solution] The catalyst for catalytic partial oxidation comprises a carrier obtained by adding nickel and at least one of barium and lanthanum to alumina or an alumina precursor followed by firing it, and a platinum group element such as rhodium held by the carrier. The carrier is obtained, for example, by firing at a temperature not lower than 600° C., and in the firing step, nickel aluminate is formed. The catalyst is filled into a heat-insulating reactor; and oxygen and steam and hydrogen are added to a starting hydrocarbon (when the starting hydrocarbon contains hydrogen, adding hydrogen thereto is unnecessary), and this is fed into the reactor.

Manufacturing method and circuit module, which comprises an insulator layer (1) and, inside the insulator layer (1), at least one component (6), which comprises contact areas (7), the material of which contains a first metal. On the surface of the insulator layer (1) are conductors (22), which comprise at least a first layer (12) and a second layer (32), in such a way that at least the second layer (32) contains a second metal. The circuit module comprises contact elements between the contact areas (7) and the conductors (22) for forming electrical contacts. The contact elements, for their part, comprise, on the surface of the material of the contact area (7), an intermediate layer (2), which contains a third metal, in such a way that the first, second, and third metals are different metals and the contact surface area (ACONT 1), between the intermediate layer (2) and the contact area (7) is less that the surface area (APAD) of the contact area (7).

Manufacturing method and circuit module, which comprises an insulator layer and, inside the insulator layer, at least one component, which comprises contact areas, the material of which contains a first metal. On the surface of the insulator layer are conductors, which comprise at least a first layer and a second layer, in such a way that at least the second layer contains a second metal. The circuit module comprises contact elements between the contact areas and the conductors for forming electrical contacts. The contact elements, for their part, comprise, on the surface of the material of the contact area, an intermediate layer, which contains a third metal, in such a way that the first, second, and third metals are different metals and the contact surface area (ACONT 1), between the intermediate layer and the contact area is less that the surface area (APAD) of the contact area.

The invention provides a method for recovering iron by utilizing high-iron red mud. The method for recovering the iron by utilizing the high-iron red mud comprises the following steps of S1, placing the high-iron red mud in an airtight reduction furnace, feeding flare gas into the reduction furnace, and carrying out heating reduction so as to obtain a reduced material; and S2, after grinding the reduced material, carrying out magnetic separation so as to obtain magnetic separation concentrates and magnetic separation tailings, wherein the magnetic separation concentrates are iron ore concentrates; and the magnetic separation tailings are aluminum oxide enriched ores. The iron therein can be recovered, the flare gas can be utilized at the same time, and the atmospheric pollution produced byflare gas combustion of the petrochemical enterprise is avoided. The invention further provides a method for extracting aluminum by utilizing the high-iron red mud. The method for extracting the aluminum by utilizing the high-iron red mud comprises the steps of A1, treating the high-iron red mud by adopting the method so as to obtain magnetic separation concentrates and magnetic separation tailings; A2, after uniformly mixing the magnetic separation tailings, ammonium sulfate and water, roasting to obtain a roasted clinker; and A3, dissolving out the roasted clinker, and separating to obtainan aluminum-containing solution and residues after extracting the aluminum. The iron, the aluminum and silicon in the magnetic separation tailings are separated, so that the aim on comprehensively utilizing the high-iron red mud is achieved.

Reduction process and relative plant for the production of metallic iron by means of the direct reduction of iron ore, in which a reduction shaft is connected to a source of reducing gas obtained from the gasification of coal. The process advantageously comprises a step in which a portion or all of the synthesis gas entering the plant circuit is processed to separate the methane from the rest of the components of said synthesis gas. The advantageous management of the extracted methane enables the entire reduction process to be optimized, making the efficiency of the process independent of the methane content in the original synthesis gas and making it possible to control the carbon content of the product more accurately and more easily.

The invention relates to a method for producing a solid part for forming an entire anode or the part thereof for producing aluminium by igneous electrolyse and comprising a cermet made of at least one type of metal oxide such as a spinel mixed oxide containing a R metal in the form of cations in the chemical structure thereof. Said R metal is entirely or partly reducible by a reducing operation during a production process in such a way that the entire metallic phase or the part thereof is formed. The inventive method makes it possible to obtain a cermet whose metallic phase comprises a homogenous distribution of fine metallic particles.

The invention relates to a roasting gas-based reduction arsenic removal method for arsenic-containing copper slag, and belongs to the field of solid waste treatment and utilization in the non-ferrousmetallurgy industry. The problem that an arsenic content in a reduced iron product exceeds the standard in the prior art is solved. The roasting gas-based reduction arsenic removal method for the arsenic-containing copper slag comprises the following steps of 1, grinding the arsenic-containing copper slag, and drying slag powder to remove free water, and specifically, the arsenic-containing copperslag contains arsenic oxide, arsenic sulfide and arsenate; 2, carrying out high-temperature roasting on the slag powder, introducing inert gas in a high-temperature roasting process, carrying out high-temperature roasting decomposition on the arsenic oxide and the arsenic sulfide in the arsenic-containing copper slag, then volatilizing in a gas form, and forming arsenic roasting slag from non-volatile components; and 3, continuously introducing reducing gas into the arsenic roasting slag for 40-100 minutes at the reducing temperature of 650-1200 DEG C, and gasifying and removing the arsenatein the arsenic roasting slag to obtain arsenic-removed slag charge of the arsenic-containing copper slag. According to the roasting gas-based reduction arsenic removal method, the arsenic content in the slag can be obviously reduced, and raw material with the qualified arsenic content is provided for subsequent continuous treatment of the copper slag.

The present invention provides a melt treating apparatus and a melt treating method applied thereto, the apparatus comprising: a container having a melt injection part arranged at an upper portion thereof and a hole formed through a bottom portion thereof; an induction member installed to be spaced from the melt injection part to a hole side; a gas injection part installed on a bottom portion while being spaced from the induction member to a melt injection part side; and a chamber part extending in a widthwise direction, with the inside thereof open downward, and being arranged on an upper portion of the container so as to face the induction member and the gas injection part. In treating the melt, the induction member and the gas injection part are used to form a rotating current of the melt, and the rotating current can be used to effectively remove an inclusion.