488results about How to "Increase scattering" patented technology

A field effect transistor for detecting ionic material and a method of detecting ionic material using the field effect transistor. The field effect transistor for detecting ionic material includes a substrate formed of a semiconductor material, a source region and a drain region spaced apart from each other in the substrate and doped with an opposite conductivity type to that of the substrate, a channel region interposed between the source region and the drain region, an insulating layer disposed on the channel region and formed of an electrically insulating material, a first reference electrode disposed at an edge of the upper portion of the insulating layer and a second reference electrode disposed to be spaced apart from the insulating layer.

The invention relates to a lamp and a method, preferably adapted for generating high power in laser applications. The lamp (1) comprises a source (3) adapted for emitting optical radiation along an optical path and a holder (5) comprising a fluorescent body (4), wherein the holder (5) is arranged in the optical path, a collecting unit (8) is provided which is adapted for transmitting at least a portion of optical radiation emitted by the fluorescent body (4) to an output of the lamp (1), and the fluorescent body (4) comprises a shape being elongated in a predetermined direction. In this way, a small spot and little divergence is provided in conjunction with good heat dissipation leading to a high optical performance.

A particle-optical apparatus comprising a sample holder for receiving a sample, a particle source embodied to produce a primary beam of first electrically charged particles along an optical axis for the purpose of irradiating the sample, first detector embodied to detect second electrically charged particles that emanate from the sample as a result of the irradiation thereof, a detection space that at the least is formed by the sample holder and the first detector, and an immersion lens embodied to produce a magnetic field for the purpose of focusing the primary beam in the vicinity of the sample holder. The first detector are embodied to produce an electric field in the detection space, and the detection space is embodied to comprise a gas.

Methods and apparatus are provided for making an optically readable media unreadable. The method includes steps of (a) providing the media with an optically activated mechanism that degrades the reflectivity of a surface wherein information is encoded; (b) exposing the media to optical radiation for reading out the information; and, during the step of exposing, (c) initiating the operation of the optically activated mechanism. In this embodiment the step of initiating includes steps of (d) generating singlet oxygen in a layer disposed on the media; and (e) reacting the singlet oxygen with a metal-containing layer for oxidizing the surface of the metal-containing layer, thereby degrading the reflectivity of the surface. In a further aspect the optically activated mechanism causes a defocusing of a readout beam, thereby degrading reflection of the readout beam from a surface wherein information is encoded. In another embodiment the method deforms a surface of the layer resulting in readout beam aberration or in an inability to correctly stay on track. In another embodiment a portion of the surface is removed to the atmosphere, such as by evaporation of sublimation. In this embodiment a layer of the media is comprised of a volatile component and at least one other component. Removing at least some of volatile component by evaporation or sublimation causes an increase in at least one of photoabsorption or scattering or surface roughness with the remaining component, thereby rendering at least a portion of encoded information of the media unreadable, or affecting the tracking operation.

Software systems, arrangements and processes for evaluating an image associated with at least one portion of an anatomical structure are provided. For example, first information associated with the at least one portion of the anatomical structure second information associated with the at least one portion of the anatomical structure can be received. Third information can be generated by determining a relationship between the first information and the second information. Further, the image can be evaluated using a predetermined pathological scoring criteria and the third information.

Software systems, arrangements and processes for evaluating an image associated with at least one portion of an anatomical structure are provided. For example, first information associated with the at least one portion of the anatomical structure second information associated with the at least one portion of the anatomical structure can be received. Third information can be generated by determining a relationship between the first information and the second information. Further, the image can be evaluated using a predetermined pathological scoring criteria and the third information.

A device and method for accurately performing quantitative diffuse optical spectroscopy on a sample includes a light source and a source optical fiber that is optically coupled to the light source. A diffuser material is interposed between the source optical fiber and the sample, the diffuser material comprising a high scattering, low absorption material. The diffuser material effectively increases the photon path length from the light source to the sample, which limits the depth of interrogation to superficial volumes despite the penetrating nature of the radiation typically used. A detector optical fiber is provided adjacent to or laterally disposed from the source optical fiber. The detector optical fiber is coupled to a detector which detects photons collected in the detector optical fiber. The detector optical fiber and the source optical fiber may be separated by a distance of less than 5 mm while still permitting the diffusion approximation to remain valid.

A detector for use with a high pressure SEM, such as an ESEM® environmental SEM from FEI Company, extends the effective detection space above the PLA, thereby increasing secondary signal amplification without increasing working distance or pressure. Embodiments can therefore provide improved resolution and can operate at lower gas pressures.

The invention relates to a preparation method of high-conductivity aluminum alloy and belongs to the field of nonferrous metal materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: preparing an aluminum ingot comprising the following alloy elements in percentage by weight: 4.5 to 13.5 percent of Si (silicon), 0.1 to 1.5 percent of Mg (magnesium) and not more than 0.1 percent of impurity elements, smelting the aluminum ingot in a furnace, adding 0.1 to 0.3 percent of zirconium which serves as additive for the alloying treatment, uniformly mixing, then adding 0.1 to 1.35 percent of rare-earth element for degeneration, purifying, degassing and deslagging, and covering the surface of aluminum liquid with a solid covering agent; casting to prepare the aluminum alloy conductor material; and carrying out the first-stage aging treatment and the second-stage aging treatment on the aluminum alloy conductor material, discharging and cooling with air. The manufactured aluminum-silicon alloy can meet the requirements on the aluminum alloy material conductivity and the mechanical property; and moreover, the preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and the mass production is easy to realize.

The invention relates to a composition comprising a binder material and nanoparticles having an average particle size of 100 nm or less having a first refractive index of at least 1.65 in respect of light of a first wavelength, and a second refractive index in the range of 1.60-2.2 in respect of light of a second wavelength, wherein said first refractive index is higher than said second refractive index, and wherein the first and second refractive indices may be tuned by adjusting the volume ratio of the nanoparticles to the binder material. The composition may improve light extraction when used for bonding a ceramic member to an LED, and / or may reduce the amount of light that is directed back towards the LED.

Disclosed is an optical fiber article for receiving pump radiation of a first wavelength for amplifying or generating radiation of a second wavelength. The optical fiber article includes a core for propagating light of the second wavelength. The core has a first index of refraction and includes a rare earth material. A cladding surrounds the core and has a second index of refraction that is less than the first index of refraction. The outer circumference of the cladding can include a plurality of sections, where the plurality of sections includes at least one substantially straight section and one inwardly curved section. The optical fiber article can also include at least one outer layer surrounding the cladding, where the index of refraction of the outer layer is less than the second refractive index. Methods for producing the optical fiber article are also disclosed, as well as methods for providing a preform for drawing such an optical fiber article.

A substrate for fingerprint contact includes a plate, and the plate includes a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is an optical diffusing surface. The optical diffusing surface is used for being contacted by a finger, and features hazed particles. The second surface faces an optical imaging system. The optical diffusing surface of the plate helps to enhance light to be evenly emitted to the finger and weakens the unnecessary scattered light to the optical imaging system, so as to enhance the recognition rate of a fingerprint when the optical imaging system is used for intercept the light applied on a finger.